SCI 221 Exam 4 V1 | SCI 221 Human
Physiology with Intervention Skill-Based
(ISB) Experiential Learning | Q&A with
Rationale (SCI221 Exam 4) | Nightingale
College
1. Which of the following describes the correct order of fluid flow through the nephron?
A. Distal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Proximal convoluted tubule, Collecting duct
B. Collecting duct, Distal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Proximal convoluted tubule
C. Proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule, Collecting duct
D. Loop of Henle, Proximal convoluted tubule, Distal convoluted tubule, Collecting duct
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Filtrate first enters the proximal convoluted tubule immediately after leaving
the glomerular capsule. It then travels down and up the Loop of Henle before entering the
distal convoluted tubule for further modification. Finally, the processed fluid is emptied
into the collecting duct to be transported toward the renal pelvis.
2. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing water reabsorption in the collecting
ducts of the kidney?
A. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
B. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
,C. Aldosterone
D. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, acts on the cells of the
collecting ducts to increase their permeability to water. This process involves the insertion
of aquaporin-2 channels into the apical membrane, allowing more water to be reclaimed by
the blood. Without ADH, the collecting ducts remain relatively impermeable, leading to the
excretion of dilute urine.
3. In the male reproductive system, where specifically does spermatogenesis occur?
A. Epididymis
B. Seminiferous tubules
C. Seminal vesicles
D. Interstitial cells of Leydig
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm production which takes place within
the seminiferous tubules of the testes. These tubules contain spermatogenic cells that
undergo meiosis to produce haploid sperm. The interstitial cells nearby produce
testosterone, while the epididymis is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
, 4. What is the primary function of the corpus luteum during the early stages of pregnancy?
A. To secrete progesterone and estrogen to maintain the uterine lining
B. To produce Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
C. To trigger the process of ovulation
D. To stimulate the development of new ovarian follicles
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The corpus luteum forms from the remnants of the follicle after ovulation and
acts as a temporary endocrine gland. It secretes high levels of progesterone and some
estrogen, which are essential for maintaining the thick endometrial lining for implantation.
If pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum persists until the placenta takes over hormone
production.
5. During cellular respiration, which process occurs in the cytosol and does not require
oxygen?
A. Electron Transport Chain
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Oxidative Phosphorylation
D. Glycolysis
Correct Answer: D
Physiology with Intervention Skill-Based
(ISB) Experiential Learning | Q&A with
Rationale (SCI221 Exam 4) | Nightingale
College
1. Which of the following describes the correct order of fluid flow through the nephron?
A. Distal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Proximal convoluted tubule, Collecting duct
B. Collecting duct, Distal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Proximal convoluted tubule
C. Proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule, Collecting duct
D. Loop of Henle, Proximal convoluted tubule, Distal convoluted tubule, Collecting duct
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Filtrate first enters the proximal convoluted tubule immediately after leaving
the glomerular capsule. It then travels down and up the Loop of Henle before entering the
distal convoluted tubule for further modification. Finally, the processed fluid is emptied
into the collecting duct to be transported toward the renal pelvis.
2. Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing water reabsorption in the collecting
ducts of the kidney?
A. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
B. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
,C. Aldosterone
D. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, acts on the cells of the
collecting ducts to increase their permeability to water. This process involves the insertion
of aquaporin-2 channels into the apical membrane, allowing more water to be reclaimed by
the blood. Without ADH, the collecting ducts remain relatively impermeable, leading to the
excretion of dilute urine.
3. In the male reproductive system, where specifically does spermatogenesis occur?
A. Epididymis
B. Seminiferous tubules
C. Seminal vesicles
D. Interstitial cells of Leydig
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spermatogenesis is the process of sperm production which takes place within
the seminiferous tubules of the testes. These tubules contain spermatogenic cells that
undergo meiosis to produce haploid sperm. The interstitial cells nearby produce
testosterone, while the epididymis is the site of sperm maturation and storage.
, 4. What is the primary function of the corpus luteum during the early stages of pregnancy?
A. To secrete progesterone and estrogen to maintain the uterine lining
B. To produce Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
C. To trigger the process of ovulation
D. To stimulate the development of new ovarian follicles
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The corpus luteum forms from the remnants of the follicle after ovulation and
acts as a temporary endocrine gland. It secretes high levels of progesterone and some
estrogen, which are essential for maintaining the thick endometrial lining for implantation.
If pregnancy occurs, the corpus luteum persists until the placenta takes over hormone
production.
5. During cellular respiration, which process occurs in the cytosol and does not require
oxygen?
A. Electron Transport Chain
B. Krebs Cycle
C. Oxidative Phosphorylation
D. Glycolysis
Correct Answer: D
