HONDROS NUR 212 EXAM 2 | COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED EXPERT
SOLUTIONS |2026 LATEST UPDATED
SECTION I: RENAL & URINARY DISORDERS
1. A client with acute glomerulonephritis presents with periorbital edema,
hypertension, and cola-colored urine. Which additional finding would the nurse
expect?
• A) Polyuria
• B) Weight loss
• C) Oliguria
• D) Hyperalbuminemia
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis causes decreased GFR leading to oliguria
(reduced urine output). Polyuria (A) is incorrect as urine output decreases.
Weight gain (B) occurs from fluid retention, not loss. Hypoalbuminemia (D)
occurs because protein is lost in urine, not hyperalbuminemia.
2. A client with chronic kidney disease has a GFR of 12 mL/min. The nurse
anticipates which intervention?
• A) Increase dietary protein
• B) Administer IV fluids rapidly
• C) Prepare client for dialysis
• D) Discontinue all medications
,Rationale: A GFR < 15 mL/min indicates end-stage renal disease requiring renal
replacement therapy (dialysis or transplant). Increasing protein (A) would
worsen azotemia. Rapid IV fluids (B) could cause fluid overload. Discontinuing all
medications (D) is unsafe—some medications may need dose adjustment, not
discontinuation.
3. Which laboratory finding is most concerning in a client with acute kidney
injury?
• A) Serum potassium 5.0 mEq/L
• B) Serum potassium 6.8 mEq/L
• C) Serum sodium 138 mEq/L
• D) Serum calcium 9.2 mEq/L
Rationale: Hyperkalemia (K+ > 5.5 mEq/L) is life-threatening in AKI due to risk of
cardiac dysrhythmias. 6.8 mEq/L requires immediate intervention (IV calcium
gluconate, insulin with glucose, kayexalate, or dialysis). 5.0 mEq/L (A) is
borderline high but not emergent. (C) and (D) are normal values.
4. A client is diagnosed with prerenal acute kidney injury. Which condition most
likely caused this?
• A) Acute glomerulonephritis
• B) Severe dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea
• C) Nephrotoxic medication administration
• D) Polycystic kidney disease
Rationale: Prerenal AKI is caused by decreased blood flow to the kidneys. Severe
dehydration (B) reduces renal perfusion. (A) and (C) are intrarenal causes (direct
kidney damage). (D) is a hereditary cause of chronic kidney disease.
, 5. The nurse is assessing a client with nephrotic syndrome. Which finding is
characteristic of this disorder?
• A) Massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia
• B) Hematuria and oliguria
• C) Hypertension and flank pain
• D) Polyuria and nocturia
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria (>3.5
g/day), hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. (B) describes nephritic
syndrome (glomerulonephritis). (C) is seen with renal stones or pyelonephritis.
(D) is seen in diabetes insipidus or early CKD.
6. A client with end-stage renal disease is receiving hemodialysis. Which
laboratory value should the nurse monitor most closely before dialysis?
• A) Serum potassium
• B) Serum sodium
• C) Serum glucose
• D) Serum calcium
Rationale: Potassium is the most critical electrolyte to monitor before
hemodialysis because hyperkalemia can cause fatal cardiac dysrhythmias.
Sodium (B), glucose (C), and calcium (D) are important but do not pose the same
immediate life-threatening risk.
7. Which dietary restriction is most important for a client with chronic kidney
disease not yet on dialysis?
• A) Sodium restriction only
QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED EXPERT
SOLUTIONS |2026 LATEST UPDATED
SECTION I: RENAL & URINARY DISORDERS
1. A client with acute glomerulonephritis presents with periorbital edema,
hypertension, and cola-colored urine. Which additional finding would the nurse
expect?
• A) Polyuria
• B) Weight loss
• C) Oliguria
• D) Hyperalbuminemia
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis causes decreased GFR leading to oliguria
(reduced urine output). Polyuria (A) is incorrect as urine output decreases.
Weight gain (B) occurs from fluid retention, not loss. Hypoalbuminemia (D)
occurs because protein is lost in urine, not hyperalbuminemia.
2. A client with chronic kidney disease has a GFR of 12 mL/min. The nurse
anticipates which intervention?
• A) Increase dietary protein
• B) Administer IV fluids rapidly
• C) Prepare client for dialysis
• D) Discontinue all medications
,Rationale: A GFR < 15 mL/min indicates end-stage renal disease requiring renal
replacement therapy (dialysis or transplant). Increasing protein (A) would
worsen azotemia. Rapid IV fluids (B) could cause fluid overload. Discontinuing all
medications (D) is unsafe—some medications may need dose adjustment, not
discontinuation.
3. Which laboratory finding is most concerning in a client with acute kidney
injury?
• A) Serum potassium 5.0 mEq/L
• B) Serum potassium 6.8 mEq/L
• C) Serum sodium 138 mEq/L
• D) Serum calcium 9.2 mEq/L
Rationale: Hyperkalemia (K+ > 5.5 mEq/L) is life-threatening in AKI due to risk of
cardiac dysrhythmias. 6.8 mEq/L requires immediate intervention (IV calcium
gluconate, insulin with glucose, kayexalate, or dialysis). 5.0 mEq/L (A) is
borderline high but not emergent. (C) and (D) are normal values.
4. A client is diagnosed with prerenal acute kidney injury. Which condition most
likely caused this?
• A) Acute glomerulonephritis
• B) Severe dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea
• C) Nephrotoxic medication administration
• D) Polycystic kidney disease
Rationale: Prerenal AKI is caused by decreased blood flow to the kidneys. Severe
dehydration (B) reduces renal perfusion. (A) and (C) are intrarenal causes (direct
kidney damage). (D) is a hereditary cause of chronic kidney disease.
, 5. The nurse is assessing a client with nephrotic syndrome. Which finding is
characteristic of this disorder?
• A) Massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia
• B) Hematuria and oliguria
• C) Hypertension and flank pain
• D) Polyuria and nocturia
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria (>3.5
g/day), hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. (B) describes nephritic
syndrome (glomerulonephritis). (C) is seen with renal stones or pyelonephritis.
(D) is seen in diabetes insipidus or early CKD.
6. A client with end-stage renal disease is receiving hemodialysis. Which
laboratory value should the nurse monitor most closely before dialysis?
• A) Serum potassium
• B) Serum sodium
• C) Serum glucose
• D) Serum calcium
Rationale: Potassium is the most critical electrolyte to monitor before
hemodialysis because hyperkalemia can cause fatal cardiac dysrhythmias.
Sodium (B), glucose (C), and calcium (D) are important but do not pose the same
immediate life-threatening risk.
7. Which dietary restriction is most important for a client with chronic kidney
disease not yet on dialysis?
• A) Sodium restriction only
