NR507 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by the replacement of one mature cell type by
another, less mature cell type?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is a reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, often as a response to chronic irritation.
2. In Type I Hypersensitivity reactions, which antibody isotype primarily mediates the
response?
A. IgG
B. IgA
C. IgM
,D. IgE
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated, leading to mast cell
degranulation and histamine release.
3. A patient presents with a serum sodium of 120 mEq/L and concentrated urine. Which
condition is most likely?
A. Diabetes Insipidus
B. Addison Disease
C. Cushing Syndrome
D. SIADH
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: SIADH involves excessive ADH, causing water retention,
dilutional hyponatremia, and highly concentrated urine.
4. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Left Heart Failure as opposed to Right
Heart Failure?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Hepatomegaly
D. Jugular venous distention
, Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Left heart failure leads to backflow into the pulmonary
circulation, causing pulmonary congestion and edema.
5. What is the primary pathophysiology behind the development of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Excessive glucagon secretion
C. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
D. Down-regulation of insulin receptors
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Type 1 DM is an autoimmune disease where T-cells destroy
insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
6. Which enzyme is responsible for the activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone
System (RAAS) in response to low blood pressure?
A. Renin
B. ACE
C. Aldosterone
D. Angiotensin II
Answer: A
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which cellular adaptation is characterized by the replacement of one mature cell type by
another, less mature cell type?
A. Atrophy
B. Hyperplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Dysplasia
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Metaplasia is a reversible replacement of one mature cell type
by another, often as a response to chronic irritation.
2. In Type I Hypersensitivity reactions, which antibody isotype primarily mediates the
response?
A. IgG
B. IgA
C. IgM
,D. IgE
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Type I hypersensitivity is IgE-mediated, leading to mast cell
degranulation and histamine release.
3. A patient presents with a serum sodium of 120 mEq/L and concentrated urine. Which
condition is most likely?
A. Diabetes Insipidus
B. Addison Disease
C. Cushing Syndrome
D. SIADH
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: SIADH involves excessive ADH, causing water retention,
dilutional hyponatremia, and highly concentrated urine.
4. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Left Heart Failure as opposed to Right
Heart Failure?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Hepatomegaly
D. Jugular venous distention
, Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Left heart failure leads to backflow into the pulmonary
circulation, causing pulmonary congestion and edema.
5. What is the primary pathophysiology behind the development of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Excessive glucagon secretion
C. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
D. Down-regulation of insulin receptors
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Type 1 DM is an autoimmune disease where T-cells destroy
insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
6. Which enzyme is responsible for the activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone
System (RAAS) in response to low blood pressure?
A. Renin
B. ACE
C. Aldosterone
D. Angiotensin II
Answer: A
