Several litters of 2 to 3 day old pigs have recently died rapidly with hemorrhagic
enteritis. Post mortem lesions include mucosal hemorrhage, necrosis and emphysema
in the small intestines. What pathogen is most likely to cause these signs?
A - Haemophilus parasuis
B - Clostridium perfringens type C
C - Salmonella choleraesuis
D - Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
E - Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Give this one a try later!
B
The age of these affected pigs along with the rapid course of hemorrhagic
and necrotic enteritis help you come to this conclusion. As with many
Clostridial diseases, vaccination is the most effective means of control.
Other important clostridial diseases of swine include C. perfringens type A,
C. difficile, C. tetani, C. botulinum, C. novyi, C. septicum, and C. chauvoei.
,A newborn foal is examined two hours after birth. The foal has a heart rate of 100 bpm
[N=100-120], and a continuous murmur loudest on the left side. Which one of the
following choices is the most likely explanation for these findings?
A - Incipient septicemia
B - Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
C - Foal dysmaturity
D - Normal in a neonatal foal
E - Ventricular septal defect
Give this one a try later!
D
These findings are NORMAL in a neonatal foal.
The heart rate and a finding of a continuous murmur on the left side (due to
slight opening of the ductus arteriosus, which usually closes within 4-5
days) are normal in newborn foals. Persistent patent ductus arteriosus is
rare in horses.
An obese 7-year-old Labrador Retriever presents for annual vaccinations. The owners
claim that they have restricted his diet and try to exercise him but he still keeps the
weight on. There is alopecia on the dorsum of his tail and he has an unusual worried
facial expression. Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis?
A - Hyperadrenocorticism
B - Male pattern alopecia
C - Sarcoptic mange
D - Hypothyroidism
E - Hypoadrenocorticism
Give this one a try later!
, D
Tail alopecia and tragic facial expression are a classic signs of
hypothyroidism in dogs.
Other areas of bilateral alopecia that are common in hypothyroidism are
the ventral and lateral trunk, caudal thighs, ventral neck and dorsum of the
nose.
Hyperadrenocorticism commonly has truncal alopecia and also presents
with obesity. It is more common in toy dog breeds.
Which of the following correctly describes placement of the electrodes when
performing an electrocardiogram on a dog or cat? (note arms = forelegs, legs = rear
legs)
A - White on left arm, black on right arm, red on right leg
B - White on right arm, black on left arm, red on left leg
C - Red on right arm, green on left leg, black on left arm
D - Black on right arm, white on left leg, red on right leg
E - Red on left leg, green on right arm, black on left arm
Give this one a try later!
B
White on right arm, black on left arm, red on left leg.
The electrodes used to record an ECG are always attached the same way.
The white colored wire is attached to right arm, black to the left arm, and
red to the left leg. When 4 are used, the green wire is attached to the right
leg.
To record each lead (I, II, III), the ECG monitor automatically compares the
electrical difference between the appropriate locations.
The different leads allow measurement of activity from different angles
around the heart. This is useful for monitoring, as different leads are tried till
, a good waveform is found.
The waveforms vary with each lead, abnormal waveforms are seen with
cardiac enlargement.
Click here for excellent summaries on performing and interpreting ECGs,
and ECG lead placement, courtesy of the UPenn CAL site.
A registered Hereford cow on pasture gave birth to this calf with a very short, curly,
frosted-looking pale coat and normal-appearing skin.
By two weeks of age, some of the hair is falling out.
Which one of the following choices is the most likely explanation for its appearance?
A - Congenital hypotrichosis
B - Ichthyosis
C - Baldy calf syndrome
D - Zinc deficiency
E - Normal appearance until 21 days of age
Give this one a try later!
A
This calf has congenital hypotrichosis of Herefords, an autosomal recessive
genetic problem.
Hereditary hypotrichosis can be differentiated from the other disease
choices because the dermis of the calf is normal in appearance.
Baldy calf disease is an inherited problem of Holsteins. The calves may lose
hair, have thickened skin and metabolic illnesses.
A 1-year old female spayed Doberman Pinscher has presented after being hit by a car.
Initial chest radiographs show mild contusions, and the patient appears to be
enteritis. Post mortem lesions include mucosal hemorrhage, necrosis and emphysema
in the small intestines. What pathogen is most likely to cause these signs?
A - Haemophilus parasuis
B - Clostridium perfringens type C
C - Salmonella choleraesuis
D - Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
E - Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Give this one a try later!
B
The age of these affected pigs along with the rapid course of hemorrhagic
and necrotic enteritis help you come to this conclusion. As with many
Clostridial diseases, vaccination is the most effective means of control.
Other important clostridial diseases of swine include C. perfringens type A,
C. difficile, C. tetani, C. botulinum, C. novyi, C. septicum, and C. chauvoei.
,A newborn foal is examined two hours after birth. The foal has a heart rate of 100 bpm
[N=100-120], and a continuous murmur loudest on the left side. Which one of the
following choices is the most likely explanation for these findings?
A - Incipient septicemia
B - Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
C - Foal dysmaturity
D - Normal in a neonatal foal
E - Ventricular septal defect
Give this one a try later!
D
These findings are NORMAL in a neonatal foal.
The heart rate and a finding of a continuous murmur on the left side (due to
slight opening of the ductus arteriosus, which usually closes within 4-5
days) are normal in newborn foals. Persistent patent ductus arteriosus is
rare in horses.
An obese 7-year-old Labrador Retriever presents for annual vaccinations. The owners
claim that they have restricted his diet and try to exercise him but he still keeps the
weight on. There is alopecia on the dorsum of his tail and he has an unusual worried
facial expression. Which one of the following choices is the most likely diagnosis?
A - Hyperadrenocorticism
B - Male pattern alopecia
C - Sarcoptic mange
D - Hypothyroidism
E - Hypoadrenocorticism
Give this one a try later!
, D
Tail alopecia and tragic facial expression are a classic signs of
hypothyroidism in dogs.
Other areas of bilateral alopecia that are common in hypothyroidism are
the ventral and lateral trunk, caudal thighs, ventral neck and dorsum of the
nose.
Hyperadrenocorticism commonly has truncal alopecia and also presents
with obesity. It is more common in toy dog breeds.
Which of the following correctly describes placement of the electrodes when
performing an electrocardiogram on a dog or cat? (note arms = forelegs, legs = rear
legs)
A - White on left arm, black on right arm, red on right leg
B - White on right arm, black on left arm, red on left leg
C - Red on right arm, green on left leg, black on left arm
D - Black on right arm, white on left leg, red on right leg
E - Red on left leg, green on right arm, black on left arm
Give this one a try later!
B
White on right arm, black on left arm, red on left leg.
The electrodes used to record an ECG are always attached the same way.
The white colored wire is attached to right arm, black to the left arm, and
red to the left leg. When 4 are used, the green wire is attached to the right
leg.
To record each lead (I, II, III), the ECG monitor automatically compares the
electrical difference between the appropriate locations.
The different leads allow measurement of activity from different angles
around the heart. This is useful for monitoring, as different leads are tried till
, a good waveform is found.
The waveforms vary with each lead, abnormal waveforms are seen with
cardiac enlargement.
Click here for excellent summaries on performing and interpreting ECGs,
and ECG lead placement, courtesy of the UPenn CAL site.
A registered Hereford cow on pasture gave birth to this calf with a very short, curly,
frosted-looking pale coat and normal-appearing skin.
By two weeks of age, some of the hair is falling out.
Which one of the following choices is the most likely explanation for its appearance?
A - Congenital hypotrichosis
B - Ichthyosis
C - Baldy calf syndrome
D - Zinc deficiency
E - Normal appearance until 21 days of age
Give this one a try later!
A
This calf has congenital hypotrichosis of Herefords, an autosomal recessive
genetic problem.
Hereditary hypotrichosis can be differentiated from the other disease
choices because the dermis of the calf is normal in appearance.
Baldy calf disease is an inherited problem of Holsteins. The calves may lose
hair, have thickened skin and metabolic illnesses.
A 1-year old female spayed Doberman Pinscher has presented after being hit by a car.
Initial chest radiographs show mild contusions, and the patient appears to be
