Benzodiazepines adverse effects and toxicity
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Neutropenia
Respiratory depression
Rarely cause hypotension and respiratory depression unless taken with
other CNS depressants or opioid analgesics
Antidote is Flumazenil
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
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First and only remaining COX-2 inhibitor
indicated for RA, OA, acute pain symptoms, ankylosing spondylitis, and
primary dysmenorrhea
adverse effects include headache, sinus irritation, diarrhea, fatigue,
, dizziness, lower extremity edema, and hypertension
little effect on platelet function
Celebrex is NOT to be used in patients with a known sulfa allergy
Analeptics
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Caffeine
found in:
-over the counter drugs:NoDoz
-combination prescription drugs
-foods and beverages
use with caution in patients with history of:
-peptic ulcer
-recent myocardial infarction
-dysrhythmias
Intravenous: caffeine citrate and caffeine sodium benzoate
Muscle Relaxant-Mechanism of Action
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decreases the synaptic response at neurotransmitters to decrease
frequency, severity of spasms
similar in structure and action to other CNS depressants
Muscle Relaxant Adverse effects
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, extension of effects on CNS and skeletal muscles
-Euphoria
-lightheadedness
-dizziness
-drowsiness
-fatigue
-muscle weakness,others
Adverse effect/toxicity:seizures, angioedema, anaphylaxis
Therapeutic drug monitoring
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used to help maintain drug levels within the therapeutic window
Sulfonamides-mechanism of action
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prevent bacterial synthesis of folic acid required for synthesis of purines
and nucleic acid
Do not affect human cells
-only organisms that synthesize their own folic acid
Naproxen
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second most commonly uses NSAID
somewhat better adverse effect profile than ibuprofen
, fewer drug interactions with ACE inhibitors given for hypertension
Common opioid analgesics-Pure agonists (no ceiling effect)
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codeine
hydrocodone(vicodin)
oxycodone(oxycontin;percocet with acetaminophen
morphine
fentanyl
hydromorphone(Dilaudid)
Meperidine(Demerol)
Acetaminophen-Mechanism of Action
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blocks pain impulses peripherally by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
Opioid Analgesics: Adverse Effects
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CNS depression:manifests as decline in consciousness
******LEADS TO RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
nausea and vomiting
urinary retention
diaporesis,flushing, hypotension (due to histamine release)
pupil constriction (miosis)
constipation
Give this one a try later!
Neutropenia
Respiratory depression
Rarely cause hypotension and respiratory depression unless taken with
other CNS depressants or opioid analgesics
Antidote is Flumazenil
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
Give this one a try later!
First and only remaining COX-2 inhibitor
indicated for RA, OA, acute pain symptoms, ankylosing spondylitis, and
primary dysmenorrhea
adverse effects include headache, sinus irritation, diarrhea, fatigue,
, dizziness, lower extremity edema, and hypertension
little effect on platelet function
Celebrex is NOT to be used in patients with a known sulfa allergy
Analeptics
Give this one a try later!
Caffeine
found in:
-over the counter drugs:NoDoz
-combination prescription drugs
-foods and beverages
use with caution in patients with history of:
-peptic ulcer
-recent myocardial infarction
-dysrhythmias
Intravenous: caffeine citrate and caffeine sodium benzoate
Muscle Relaxant-Mechanism of Action
Give this one a try later!
decreases the synaptic response at neurotransmitters to decrease
frequency, severity of spasms
similar in structure and action to other CNS depressants
Muscle Relaxant Adverse effects
Give this one a try later!
, extension of effects on CNS and skeletal muscles
-Euphoria
-lightheadedness
-dizziness
-drowsiness
-fatigue
-muscle weakness,others
Adverse effect/toxicity:seizures, angioedema, anaphylaxis
Therapeutic drug monitoring
Give this one a try later!
used to help maintain drug levels within the therapeutic window
Sulfonamides-mechanism of action
Give this one a try later!
prevent bacterial synthesis of folic acid required for synthesis of purines
and nucleic acid
Do not affect human cells
-only organisms that synthesize their own folic acid
Naproxen
Give this one a try later!
second most commonly uses NSAID
somewhat better adverse effect profile than ibuprofen
, fewer drug interactions with ACE inhibitors given for hypertension
Common opioid analgesics-Pure agonists (no ceiling effect)
Give this one a try later!
codeine
hydrocodone(vicodin)
oxycodone(oxycontin;percocet with acetaminophen
morphine
fentanyl
hydromorphone(Dilaudid)
Meperidine(Demerol)
Acetaminophen-Mechanism of Action
Give this one a try later!
blocks pain impulses peripherally by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
Opioid Analgesics: Adverse Effects
Give this one a try later!
CNS depression:manifests as decline in consciousness
******LEADS TO RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
nausea and vomiting
urinary retention
diaporesis,flushing, hypotension (due to histamine release)
pupil constriction (miosis)
constipation
