SFL 290 FINAL EXAM VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
Primary Sources - Answers - original study report. Contains ALL of the details
necessary to duplicate the study. Has been peer reviewed.
Ex: Journal articles of original research report (no commentary, no from study, in
between), professional conference proceedings, scholarly books (like edited volumes
with chapters that report on different original research studies)
Secondary Sources - Answers - provides information "once removed" (the author
summarizes info about the original study). Has been through some type of peer review
process.
Ex: Books on specific subjects, textbooks, review articles in journals(has commentary in
between), edited books (like our textbook)
General Sources - Answers - gives an overview of a certain topic and can lead us to
where we can find more information. It is NOT peer reviewed.
Ex: Daily newspaper, magazines, Wikipedia, trade books, google search
Basic Research - Answers - - no specific purpose or application
- simply extends knowledge base
Applied Research - Answers - Specifically focused at addressing a problem
Quantitative - Answers - - typically larger, random samples
- results are reported with NUMBERS
- analyzed with statistics
- DEDUCTIVE
Qualitative - Answers - - typically smaller, nonrandom samples
- results reported with quotes and stories
- analyzed through themes
- INDUCTIVE
Induction - Answers - (Specific → General) practice to theory
Ex: You have specific data from a study (specific), now you look for themes in your data
to make a theory (general)
Start with data and then create a hypothesis → Induction (qualitative research)
, Deduction - Answers - (General→Specific) theory to practice
Ex: You want to test a theory (general), so go out and collect specific data (specific)
Start with a Hypothesis and then go get data? → Deduction (quantitative research)
General Theory - Answers - Offer explanations for a broad range of events and can be
applied to various circumstances as needed
ie . systems theory can be used to explain parent child relationships, sibling
relationships, in law relationships
Middle Range Theory - Answers - Offer info regarding a specific subject area (generally
have a researchers name in front of it)
Ie gottman's theory of marital conflict
Parts of a theory - Answers - Assumptions, concepts, hypotheses, theoretical model
Conceptual Definition - Answers - a general description of the concept, similar to a
dictionary definition.
Can be found in the introduction section of a research article. ABSTRACT concept.
Ex: Religiosity meaning your devotion to god
Operational Definition - Answers - links the abstract concept to a specific behavior.
(specific description)
HOW YOU MEASURE THE CONCEPT (number assigned)
Found in the Methods section
Ex: Religiosity = How often do you go to church? Do you believe in god?
Independent Variables - Answers - variable that influences the dependent variable
the "cause"
Dependent Variables - Answers - variable that is influenced. the "effect"
Control Variables - Answers - variables that need to be accounted for because they
could also affect the dependent variable
We want to subtract their effect so we can know the true effect of the independent
variable
Primary Sources - Answers - original study report. Contains ALL of the details
necessary to duplicate the study. Has been peer reviewed.
Ex: Journal articles of original research report (no commentary, no from study, in
between), professional conference proceedings, scholarly books (like edited volumes
with chapters that report on different original research studies)
Secondary Sources - Answers - provides information "once removed" (the author
summarizes info about the original study). Has been through some type of peer review
process.
Ex: Books on specific subjects, textbooks, review articles in journals(has commentary in
between), edited books (like our textbook)
General Sources - Answers - gives an overview of a certain topic and can lead us to
where we can find more information. It is NOT peer reviewed.
Ex: Daily newspaper, magazines, Wikipedia, trade books, google search
Basic Research - Answers - - no specific purpose or application
- simply extends knowledge base
Applied Research - Answers - Specifically focused at addressing a problem
Quantitative - Answers - - typically larger, random samples
- results are reported with NUMBERS
- analyzed with statistics
- DEDUCTIVE
Qualitative - Answers - - typically smaller, nonrandom samples
- results reported with quotes and stories
- analyzed through themes
- INDUCTIVE
Induction - Answers - (Specific → General) practice to theory
Ex: You have specific data from a study (specific), now you look for themes in your data
to make a theory (general)
Start with data and then create a hypothesis → Induction (qualitative research)
, Deduction - Answers - (General→Specific) theory to practice
Ex: You want to test a theory (general), so go out and collect specific data (specific)
Start with a Hypothesis and then go get data? → Deduction (quantitative research)
General Theory - Answers - Offer explanations for a broad range of events and can be
applied to various circumstances as needed
ie . systems theory can be used to explain parent child relationships, sibling
relationships, in law relationships
Middle Range Theory - Answers - Offer info regarding a specific subject area (generally
have a researchers name in front of it)
Ie gottman's theory of marital conflict
Parts of a theory - Answers - Assumptions, concepts, hypotheses, theoretical model
Conceptual Definition - Answers - a general description of the concept, similar to a
dictionary definition.
Can be found in the introduction section of a research article. ABSTRACT concept.
Ex: Religiosity meaning your devotion to god
Operational Definition - Answers - links the abstract concept to a specific behavior.
(specific description)
HOW YOU MEASURE THE CONCEPT (number assigned)
Found in the Methods section
Ex: Religiosity = How often do you go to church? Do you believe in god?
Independent Variables - Answers - variable that influences the dependent variable
the "cause"
Dependent Variables - Answers - variable that is influenced. the "effect"
Control Variables - Answers - variables that need to be accounted for because they
could also affect the dependent variable
We want to subtract their effect so we can know the true effect of the independent
variable
