SPOTTER NETWORK CERTIFICATION
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ transport layer.
Answer: layer 4 of the OSI model, which is concerned with message
integrity between source and destination
◍ 802.11a.
Answer: 5.0 GHz frequency band.-Maximum bandwidth of 54 Mbps.
◍ F-Number on lens.
Answer: focal length/ diameter of aperture - expression of light gathering
ability (lens speed)
◍ Which device should be used if you need to send incoming packets to one or
more machines that are hidden behind a single IP address?.
Answer: A load balancer uses a little trickery and sends incoming packets to
one or more machines that are hidden behind a single IP address. Modern
load-balancing routers can use different rules to make decisions about where
to route traffic, which can be based on least load, fastest response times, or
simply balancing requests.
◍ Defense-in-depth approach.
Answer: Proven methods and security infrastructure consisting of firewalls,
intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, and endpoint
security software.
◍ DC Iris.
Answer: responds to the quality of light and controls the aperture
◍ ST.
, Answer: Straight Tip Connector-a fiber-optic cable connector that uses a
bayonet (spear like) plug and socket
◍ Branching (IaC).
Answer: •The practice of creating separate lines of development in your IaC
codebase to manage and isolate different configurations, features, or
environments-Allows multiple teams or individuals to work on different
aspects of infrastructure without interfering with one another
◍ Split Tunnel VPN.
Answer: •A type of VPN configuration that creates a secure connection to a
remote network but leaves the rest of the Internet connection to the local
connection-Balances security and performance by limiting VPN use to
specific, predefined traffic, rather than routing all traffic through the VPN
◍ Axis Lightfinder.
Answer: utilizes a combination of optics, sensor, and image processing
technologies to deliver color images in low light conditions.
◍ Application Programming Interface (API) integration.
Answer: •The use of APIs to enable communication and interaction between
different software applications, systems, or devices in a networked
environment-Interact with third party devices and services-Automate the
command line-Control and manage devices
◍ Domain Name Security Extensions (DNSSEC).
Answer: •A suite of extensions to the Domain Name System (DNS) that
adds an additional layer of security by ensuring that the responses to DNS
queries are authentic and haven't been tampered with-DNS responses are
digtally signed
◍ Bridge or Switch.
Answer: This device uses hardware addresses to filter a network-This device
creates many smaller collision domains, but the network is still one large
broadcast domain
◍ Bridge.
, Answer: •A device that connects 2 networks and passes traffic between them
based only on the MAC address-This allowed traffic between nodes on one
network to not appear on the other network-Addressed problems of physical
network size and collisions-Can connect similar and different
networks-Operates on Layer 2 (Data link) of the OSI model-Outdated
◍ What does a switch do with a frame that has a broadcast, multicast, or
unknown unicast destination address?.
Answer: It floods the frame out all ports, including down trunk links, except
the port it received the frame on
◍ Fisheye FOV.
Answer: broader than the human eye (maximizes coverage area)
◍ access point.
Answer: interconnects wireless devices and provides a connection to the
wired LAN
◍ Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID).
Answer: •A unique identifier used to pinpoint a specific wireless access
point within a network-The MAC address of a wireless access point
◍ Client/Server Network.
Answer: A network in which the server handles multiple requests from
multiple clients for multiple services
◍ In the routing table, if a destination has multiple routes to it, what is the first
criterion a router will use to choose a route?.
Answer: longest prefix match
◍ Secondary DNS Server.
Answer: •A backup DNS server that stores a copy of the DNS records for a
domain, obtained from the Primary DNS Server-Provides redundancy, load
balancing, and increased availability for DNS queries-It is read only
◍ Maximum Bitrate.
Answer: places an upper boundary on the bitrate- in order to stay under the
, limit, the video must either sacrifice - FRAME RATE (drop frame rate)or-
Picture Quality (increased compression)
◍ Transparent Bridge.
Answer: A bridge that interconnects two LANs running the same type of
protocol
◍ What is the purpose of the Shot Spotter program?.
Answer: To enhance the response to gunfire incidents in urban areas.
◍ AppleTalk.
Answer: proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc.
for their Mac computers-allows local area networks to be connected with no
prior setup or the need for a centralized router or serve of any sort
◍ Vignetting.
Answer: lens format smaller than the sensor format
◍ DHCP lease time.
Answer: •The specified amount of time for which a DHCP server assigns an
IP address to a DHCP client-Once the lease time expires, the client must
renew the lease to continue using the same IP address, or it may be assigned
a new one
◍ Direct Attach Copper (DAC) Cable.
Answer: •A type of copper cable that connects devices directly to ports on
active equipment in a data network-Connects network devices such as
switches, routers, servers, or storage devices, typically within the same rack
or between adjacent racks-It is a twinaxial cable
◍ Cat 6.
Answer: •Standard for twisted pair wiring that can operate at up to 10
Gbps-Max frequency: 250 MHz-Max distance: 100 meters for STP\55
meters for UTP-Most common category used today
◍ LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol).
Answer: •A TCP/IP protocol for accessing and managing directory services
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◍ transport layer.
Answer: layer 4 of the OSI model, which is concerned with message
integrity between source and destination
◍ 802.11a.
Answer: 5.0 GHz frequency band.-Maximum bandwidth of 54 Mbps.
◍ F-Number on lens.
Answer: focal length/ diameter of aperture - expression of light gathering
ability (lens speed)
◍ Which device should be used if you need to send incoming packets to one or
more machines that are hidden behind a single IP address?.
Answer: A load balancer uses a little trickery and sends incoming packets to
one or more machines that are hidden behind a single IP address. Modern
load-balancing routers can use different rules to make decisions about where
to route traffic, which can be based on least load, fastest response times, or
simply balancing requests.
◍ Defense-in-depth approach.
Answer: Proven methods and security infrastructure consisting of firewalls,
intrusion detection systems, intrusion prevention systems, and endpoint
security software.
◍ DC Iris.
Answer: responds to the quality of light and controls the aperture
◍ ST.
, Answer: Straight Tip Connector-a fiber-optic cable connector that uses a
bayonet (spear like) plug and socket
◍ Branching (IaC).
Answer: •The practice of creating separate lines of development in your IaC
codebase to manage and isolate different configurations, features, or
environments-Allows multiple teams or individuals to work on different
aspects of infrastructure without interfering with one another
◍ Split Tunnel VPN.
Answer: •A type of VPN configuration that creates a secure connection to a
remote network but leaves the rest of the Internet connection to the local
connection-Balances security and performance by limiting VPN use to
specific, predefined traffic, rather than routing all traffic through the VPN
◍ Axis Lightfinder.
Answer: utilizes a combination of optics, sensor, and image processing
technologies to deliver color images in low light conditions.
◍ Application Programming Interface (API) integration.
Answer: •The use of APIs to enable communication and interaction between
different software applications, systems, or devices in a networked
environment-Interact with third party devices and services-Automate the
command line-Control and manage devices
◍ Domain Name Security Extensions (DNSSEC).
Answer: •A suite of extensions to the Domain Name System (DNS) that
adds an additional layer of security by ensuring that the responses to DNS
queries are authentic and haven't been tampered with-DNS responses are
digtally signed
◍ Bridge or Switch.
Answer: This device uses hardware addresses to filter a network-This device
creates many smaller collision domains, but the network is still one large
broadcast domain
◍ Bridge.
, Answer: •A device that connects 2 networks and passes traffic between them
based only on the MAC address-This allowed traffic between nodes on one
network to not appear on the other network-Addressed problems of physical
network size and collisions-Can connect similar and different
networks-Operates on Layer 2 (Data link) of the OSI model-Outdated
◍ What does a switch do with a frame that has a broadcast, multicast, or
unknown unicast destination address?.
Answer: It floods the frame out all ports, including down trunk links, except
the port it received the frame on
◍ Fisheye FOV.
Answer: broader than the human eye (maximizes coverage area)
◍ access point.
Answer: interconnects wireless devices and provides a connection to the
wired LAN
◍ Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID).
Answer: •A unique identifier used to pinpoint a specific wireless access
point within a network-The MAC address of a wireless access point
◍ Client/Server Network.
Answer: A network in which the server handles multiple requests from
multiple clients for multiple services
◍ In the routing table, if a destination has multiple routes to it, what is the first
criterion a router will use to choose a route?.
Answer: longest prefix match
◍ Secondary DNS Server.
Answer: •A backup DNS server that stores a copy of the DNS records for a
domain, obtained from the Primary DNS Server-Provides redundancy, load
balancing, and increased availability for DNS queries-It is read only
◍ Maximum Bitrate.
Answer: places an upper boundary on the bitrate- in order to stay under the
, limit, the video must either sacrifice - FRAME RATE (drop frame rate)or-
Picture Quality (increased compression)
◍ Transparent Bridge.
Answer: A bridge that interconnects two LANs running the same type of
protocol
◍ What is the purpose of the Shot Spotter program?.
Answer: To enhance the response to gunfire incidents in urban areas.
◍ AppleTalk.
Answer: proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Inc.
for their Mac computers-allows local area networks to be connected with no
prior setup or the need for a centralized router or serve of any sort
◍ Vignetting.
Answer: lens format smaller than the sensor format
◍ DHCP lease time.
Answer: •The specified amount of time for which a DHCP server assigns an
IP address to a DHCP client-Once the lease time expires, the client must
renew the lease to continue using the same IP address, or it may be assigned
a new one
◍ Direct Attach Copper (DAC) Cable.
Answer: •A type of copper cable that connects devices directly to ports on
active equipment in a data network-Connects network devices such as
switches, routers, servers, or storage devices, typically within the same rack
or between adjacent racks-It is a twinaxial cable
◍ Cat 6.
Answer: •Standard for twisted pair wiring that can operate at up to 10
Gbps-Max frequency: 250 MHz-Max distance: 100 meters for STP\55
meters for UTP-Most common category used today
◍ LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol).
Answer: •A TCP/IP protocol for accessing and managing directory services
