WEST COAST EMT BLOCK 2 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS
AA230-year-
oldA2maleA2wasA2rescuedA2afterA2beingA2lostA2inA2theA2woodsA2forA2approximatelyA218A2ho
urs.A2TheA2outsideA2temperatureA2isA230°FA2(-
1°C).A2HeA2isA2immediatelyA2placedA2inA2theA2warmedA2ambulance,A2whereA2youA2perfor
mA2aA2primaryA2assessment.A2HeA2isA2unresponsive,A2pale,A2andA2apneic.A2YouA2should:
SelectA2one:
A.A2assessA2forA2aA2carotidA2pulseA2forA2upA2toA260A2seconds.
B.A2applyA2chemicalA2heatA2packsA2toA2hisA2groinA2andA2axillae.
C.A2applyA2anA2AEDA2andA2assessA2hisA2cardiacA2rhythm.
D.A2openA2hisA2airwayA2andA2giveA2twoA2rescueA2breaths.A2-A2Ans--
A2A.A2assessA2forA2aA2carotidA2pulseA2forA2upA2toA260A2seconds.
AA231-year-
oldA2maleA2wasA2bittenA2onA2theA2legA2byA2anA2unidentifiedA2snake.A2TheA2patientA2isA2con
sciousA2andA2alertA2andA2inA2noA2apparentA2distress.A2YourA2assessmentA2ofA2hisA2legA2re
vealsA2twoA2smallA2punctureA2marksA2withA2minimalA2painA2andA2swelling.A2InA2additionA2t
oA2administeringA2oxygenA2andA2providingA2reassurance,A2furtherA2careA2forA2thisA2patient
A2shouldA2include:
SelectA2one:
A.A2elevatingA2theA2lowerA2extremitiesA2andA2givingA2antivenin.
B.A2supineA2positioning,A2splintingA2theA2leg,A2andA2transporting.
C.A2applyingA2iceA2toA2theA2woundA2andA2transportingA2quickly.
D.A2transportingA2onlyA2withA2close,A2continuousA2monitoring.A2-A2Ans--
A2B.A2supineA2positioning,A2splintingA2theA2leg,A2andA2transporting.
AllA2ofA2theA2followingA2termsA2referA2toA2aA2bodyA2partA2thatA2isA2coldA2butA2notA2frozen,A2
EXCEPT:
SelectA2one:
A.A2trenchA2foot.
B.A2frostnip.
C.A2frostbite.
D.A2immersionA2foot.A2-A2Ans--A2C.A2frostbite.
BurnsA2associatedA2withA2lightningA2strikesA2areA2typically:
SelectA2one:
A.A2full-thickness.
B.A2superficial.
C.A2partial-thickness.
D.A2third-degree.A2-A2Ans--A2B.A2superficial.
,CommonA2signsA2andA2symptomsA2ofA2heatA2exhaustionA2includeA2allA2ofA2theA2following,
A2EXCEPT:
SelectA2one:
A.A2headache.
B.A2hot,A2dryA2skin.
C.A2nausea.
D.A2tachycardia.A2-A2Ans--A2
DrowningA2isA2MOSTA2accuratelyA2definedA2as:
SelectA2one:
A.A2waterA2inA2theA2lungsA2followingA2submersionA2inA2water.
B.A2deathA2beyondA224A2hoursA2afterA2submersionA2inA2water.
C.A2temporaryA2survivalA2afterA2submersionA2inA2water.
D.A2deathA2fromA2suffocationA2afterA2submersionA2inA2water.A2-A2Ans--
A2D.A2deathA2fromA2suffocationA2afterA2submersionA2inA2water.
HypothermiaA2occursA2whenA2theA2coreA2bodyA2temperatureA2fallsA2below:
SelectA2one:
A.A288°FA2(31°C).
B.A298°FA2(37°C).
C.A295°FA2(35°C).
D.A290°FA2(32°C).A2-A2Ans--A2C.A295°FA2(35°C).
InA2contrastA2toA2LymeA2disease,A2RockyA2MountainA2spottedA2fever:
SelectA2one:
A.A2causesA2painfulA2jointA2swellingA2afterA2aA2fewA2daysA2orA2weeks.
C.A2mayA2beA2confusedA2withA2rheumatoidA2arthritis.
D.A2presentsA2withA2flu-likeA2symptomsA2andA2aA2bull's-eyeA2rash.A2-A2Ans--
A2B.A2canA2causeA2paralysisA2andA2cardiorespiratoryA2collapse.
MostA2ofA2theA2seriousA2injuriesA2associatedA2withA2scubaA2divingA2areA2causedA2by:
SelectA2one:
A.A2alcoholA2consumption.
B.A2coldA2waterA2temperature.
C.A2tooA2rapidA2ofA2anA2ascent.
D.A2tooA2rapidA2ofA2aA2descent.A2-A2Ans--A2C.A2tooA2rapidA2ofA2anA2ascent.
TheA2body'sA2naturalA2coolingA2mechanism,A2inA2whichA2sweatA2isA2convertedA2toA2aA2gas
,A2isA2called:
SelectA2one:
A.A2convection.
B.A2radiation.
C.A2evaporation.
D.A2conduction.A2-A2Ans--A2C.A2evaporation.
,TheA2EMTA2mustA2assumeA2thatA2anyA2unwitnessedA2water-
relatedA2incidentA2isA2accompaniedA2by:
SelectA2one:
A.A2cold-waterA2immersion.
B.A2anA2airA2embolism.
C.A2alcoholA2intoxication.
D.A2possibleA2spinalA2injury.A2-A2Ans--A2D.A2possibleA2spinalA2injury.
TheA2MOSTA2prominentA2symptomA2ofA2decompressionA2sicknessA2is:
SelectA2one:
A.A2abdominalA2orA2jointA2pain.
B.A2difficultyA2withA2vision.
C.A2tightnessA2inA2theA2chest.
D.A2dizzinessA2andA2nausea.A2-A2Ans--A2A.A2abdominalA2orA2jointA2pain.
TheA2venomA2ofA2aA2blackA2widowA2spiderA2isA2toxicA2toA2the:
SelectA2one:
A.A2cardiovascularA2system.
B.A2renalA2system.
C.A2respiratoryA2system.
D.A2nervousA2system.A2-A2Ans--A2D.A2nervousA2system.
WhenA2aA2warmA2handA2isA2immersedA2inA2waterA2thatA2isA270°FA2(21°C),A2heatA2isA2trans
ferredA2fromA2theA2handA2toA2theA2waterA2throughA2aA2processA2called:
SelectA2one:
A.A2evaporation.
B.A2conduction.
C.A2radiation.
D.A2convection.A2-A2Ans--A2B.A2conduction.
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2isA2anA2earlyA2signA2ofA2pitA2viperA2envenomation?
SelectA2one:
A.A2SignsA2andA2symptomsA2ofA2hypoperfusion
B.A2SyncopeA2andA2bleedingA2atA2distalA2sites
C.A2GeneralA2weaknessA2andA2diaphoresis
D.A2LocalA2swellingA2andA2ecchymosisA2-A2Ans--A2D.A2LocalA2swellingA2andA2ecchymosis
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2MOSTA2accuratelyA2describesA2hyperthermia?
SelectA2one:
A.A2HeatA2evaporatesA2aA2significantA2amountA2ofA2bodyA2water.
B.A2TheA2bodyA2eliminatesA2moreA2heatA2thanA2itA2canA2generate.
C.A2TheA2coreA2bodyA2temperatureA2exceedsA299.5°FA2(37°C).
D.A2TheA2bodyA2isA2exposedA2toA2moreA2heatA2thanA2itA2canA2lose.A2-A2Ans--
A2D.A2TheA2bodyA2isA2exposedA2toA2moreA2heatA2thanA2itA2canA2lose.
, YouA2andA2yourA2partnerA2respondA2toA2aA2parkA2whereA2severalA2peopleA2wereA2reported
lyA2struckA2byA2lightning.A2WhenA2youA2arrive,A2youA2findA2threeA2patients.A2TheA2firstA2pati
entA2isA2lyingA2supineA2onA2theA2ground;A2heA2isA2unresponsiveA2andA2doesA2notA2appearA
2toA2beA2breathing.A2TheA2secondA2patientA2isA2ambulatory,A2appearsA2confused,A2andA2is
A2holdingA2hisA2armA2againstA2hisA2chest.A2TheA2thirdA2patientA2isA2sittingA2onA2theA2groun
dA2holdingA2theA2sidesA2ofA2hisA2head.A2AfterA2callingA2forA2backup,A2youA2should:
SelectA2one:
A.A2assessA2theA2unresponsiveA2patient'sA2pulse,A2beginA2CPRA2startingA2withA2chestA2co
mpressionsA2ifA2heA2isA2pulseless,A2andA2attachA2theA2AEDA2asA2soonA2asA2possible.
B.A2immediatelyA2beginA2CPRA2onA2theA2unresponsiveA2patient,A2butA2ceaseA2resuscitatio
nA2effortsA2ifA2thereA2isA2noA2responseA2afterA25A2minutesA2ofA2treatment.
C.A2focusA2yourA2initialA2treatmentA2effortsA2onA2theA2patientsA2whoA2areA2consciousA2bec
auseA2theA2unresponsiveA2patientA2isA2likelyA2inA2irreversibleA2cardiacA2arrest.
D.A2recognizeA2thatA2theA2patientsA2wA2-A2Ans--
A2A.A2assessA2theA2unresponsiveA2patient'sA2pulse,A2beginA2CPRA2startingA2withA2chestA2c
ompressionsA2ifA2heA2isA2pulseless,A2andA2attachA2theA2AEDA2asA2soonA2asA2possible.
YouA2areA2transportingA2aA228-year-
oldA2manA2withA2aA2frostbittenA2foot.A2TheA2patient'sA2vitalA2signsA2areA2stableA2andA2heA2d
eniesA2anyA2otherA2injuriesA2orA2symptoms.A2TheA2weatherA2isA2treacherousA2andA2yourA2t
ransportA2timeA2toA2theA2hospitalA2isA2approximatelyA245A2minutes.A2DuringA2transport,A2y
ouA2should:
SelectA2one:
A.A2administerA2oxygenA2viaA2aA2nonrebreathingA2mask.
B.A2coverA2hisA2footA2withA2chemicalA2heatA2compresses.
C.A2protectA2theA2affectedA2partA2fromA2furtherA2injury.
D.A2rewarmA2hisA2footA2inA2102°FA2toA2104°FA2(38.9°CA2toA240°C)A2water.A2-A2Ans--
A2C.A2protectA2theA2affectedA2partA2fromA2furtherA2injury.
YouA2receiveA2aA2callA2toA2aA2residenceA2forA2aA2sickA2patient.A2UponA2yourA2arrival,A2youA
2findA2theA2patient,A2aA253-year-
oldA2diabeticA2male,A2lyingA2downA2onA2hisA2frontA2porch.A2HisA2wifeA2tellsA2youA2thatA2heA2
hadA2beenA2mowingA2theA2lawnA2inA2theA2heatA2forA2theA2pastA23A2hours.A2TheA2patientA2is
A2confusedA2andA2hasA2hot,A2moistA2skin.A2HisA2pulseA2isA2weakA2andA2thready,A2andA2hisA
2bloodA2pressureA2isA290/50A2mmA2Hg.A2YouA2should:
SelectA2one:
A.A2administerA2oneA2tubeA2ofA2oralA2glucoseA2andA2reassessA2hisA2mentalA2status.
B.A2performA2aA2head-to-toeA2assessmentA2andA2lookA2forA2signsA2ofA2trauma.
C.A2placeA2himA2inA2aA2sittingA2positionA2andA2haveA2himA2drinkA21A2LA2ofA2water.
D.A2loadA2himA2intoA2theA2ambulanceA2andA2beginA2rapidA2coolingA2interventions.A2-
A2Ans--A2D.A2loadA2himA2intoA2theA2ambulanceA2andA2beginA2rapidA2coolingA2interventions.
YouA2respondA2toA2aA2localA2lakeA2whereA2aA2diverA2complainsA2ofA2difficultyA2breathingA2t
hatA2occurredA2immediatelyA2afterA2rapidlyA2ascendingA2fromA2aA2depthA2ofA2approximatel
yA230A2feet.A2OnA2assessment,A2youA2noteA2thatA2heA2hasA2cyanosisA2aroundA2hisA2lipsA2a
ndA2hasA2pinkA2frothA2comingA2fromA2hisA2noseA2andA2mouth.A2YouA2should:
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS
AA230-year-
oldA2maleA2wasA2rescuedA2afterA2beingA2lostA2inA2theA2woodsA2forA2approximatelyA218A2ho
urs.A2TheA2outsideA2temperatureA2isA230°FA2(-
1°C).A2HeA2isA2immediatelyA2placedA2inA2theA2warmedA2ambulance,A2whereA2youA2perfor
mA2aA2primaryA2assessment.A2HeA2isA2unresponsive,A2pale,A2andA2apneic.A2YouA2should:
SelectA2one:
A.A2assessA2forA2aA2carotidA2pulseA2forA2upA2toA260A2seconds.
B.A2applyA2chemicalA2heatA2packsA2toA2hisA2groinA2andA2axillae.
C.A2applyA2anA2AEDA2andA2assessA2hisA2cardiacA2rhythm.
D.A2openA2hisA2airwayA2andA2giveA2twoA2rescueA2breaths.A2-A2Ans--
A2A.A2assessA2forA2aA2carotidA2pulseA2forA2upA2toA260A2seconds.
AA231-year-
oldA2maleA2wasA2bittenA2onA2theA2legA2byA2anA2unidentifiedA2snake.A2TheA2patientA2isA2con
sciousA2andA2alertA2andA2inA2noA2apparentA2distress.A2YourA2assessmentA2ofA2hisA2legA2re
vealsA2twoA2smallA2punctureA2marksA2withA2minimalA2painA2andA2swelling.A2InA2additionA2t
oA2administeringA2oxygenA2andA2providingA2reassurance,A2furtherA2careA2forA2thisA2patient
A2shouldA2include:
SelectA2one:
A.A2elevatingA2theA2lowerA2extremitiesA2andA2givingA2antivenin.
B.A2supineA2positioning,A2splintingA2theA2leg,A2andA2transporting.
C.A2applyingA2iceA2toA2theA2woundA2andA2transportingA2quickly.
D.A2transportingA2onlyA2withA2close,A2continuousA2monitoring.A2-A2Ans--
A2B.A2supineA2positioning,A2splintingA2theA2leg,A2andA2transporting.
AllA2ofA2theA2followingA2termsA2referA2toA2aA2bodyA2partA2thatA2isA2coldA2butA2notA2frozen,A2
EXCEPT:
SelectA2one:
A.A2trenchA2foot.
B.A2frostnip.
C.A2frostbite.
D.A2immersionA2foot.A2-A2Ans--A2C.A2frostbite.
BurnsA2associatedA2withA2lightningA2strikesA2areA2typically:
SelectA2one:
A.A2full-thickness.
B.A2superficial.
C.A2partial-thickness.
D.A2third-degree.A2-A2Ans--A2B.A2superficial.
,CommonA2signsA2andA2symptomsA2ofA2heatA2exhaustionA2includeA2allA2ofA2theA2following,
A2EXCEPT:
SelectA2one:
A.A2headache.
B.A2hot,A2dryA2skin.
C.A2nausea.
D.A2tachycardia.A2-A2Ans--A2
DrowningA2isA2MOSTA2accuratelyA2definedA2as:
SelectA2one:
A.A2waterA2inA2theA2lungsA2followingA2submersionA2inA2water.
B.A2deathA2beyondA224A2hoursA2afterA2submersionA2inA2water.
C.A2temporaryA2survivalA2afterA2submersionA2inA2water.
D.A2deathA2fromA2suffocationA2afterA2submersionA2inA2water.A2-A2Ans--
A2D.A2deathA2fromA2suffocationA2afterA2submersionA2inA2water.
HypothermiaA2occursA2whenA2theA2coreA2bodyA2temperatureA2fallsA2below:
SelectA2one:
A.A288°FA2(31°C).
B.A298°FA2(37°C).
C.A295°FA2(35°C).
D.A290°FA2(32°C).A2-A2Ans--A2C.A295°FA2(35°C).
InA2contrastA2toA2LymeA2disease,A2RockyA2MountainA2spottedA2fever:
SelectA2one:
A.A2causesA2painfulA2jointA2swellingA2afterA2aA2fewA2daysA2orA2weeks.
C.A2mayA2beA2confusedA2withA2rheumatoidA2arthritis.
D.A2presentsA2withA2flu-likeA2symptomsA2andA2aA2bull's-eyeA2rash.A2-A2Ans--
A2B.A2canA2causeA2paralysisA2andA2cardiorespiratoryA2collapse.
MostA2ofA2theA2seriousA2injuriesA2associatedA2withA2scubaA2divingA2areA2causedA2by:
SelectA2one:
A.A2alcoholA2consumption.
B.A2coldA2waterA2temperature.
C.A2tooA2rapidA2ofA2anA2ascent.
D.A2tooA2rapidA2ofA2aA2descent.A2-A2Ans--A2C.A2tooA2rapidA2ofA2anA2ascent.
TheA2body'sA2naturalA2coolingA2mechanism,A2inA2whichA2sweatA2isA2convertedA2toA2aA2gas
,A2isA2called:
SelectA2one:
A.A2convection.
B.A2radiation.
C.A2evaporation.
D.A2conduction.A2-A2Ans--A2C.A2evaporation.
,TheA2EMTA2mustA2assumeA2thatA2anyA2unwitnessedA2water-
relatedA2incidentA2isA2accompaniedA2by:
SelectA2one:
A.A2cold-waterA2immersion.
B.A2anA2airA2embolism.
C.A2alcoholA2intoxication.
D.A2possibleA2spinalA2injury.A2-A2Ans--A2D.A2possibleA2spinalA2injury.
TheA2MOSTA2prominentA2symptomA2ofA2decompressionA2sicknessA2is:
SelectA2one:
A.A2abdominalA2orA2jointA2pain.
B.A2difficultyA2withA2vision.
C.A2tightnessA2inA2theA2chest.
D.A2dizzinessA2andA2nausea.A2-A2Ans--A2A.A2abdominalA2orA2jointA2pain.
TheA2venomA2ofA2aA2blackA2widowA2spiderA2isA2toxicA2toA2the:
SelectA2one:
A.A2cardiovascularA2system.
B.A2renalA2system.
C.A2respiratoryA2system.
D.A2nervousA2system.A2-A2Ans--A2D.A2nervousA2system.
WhenA2aA2warmA2handA2isA2immersedA2inA2waterA2thatA2isA270°FA2(21°C),A2heatA2isA2trans
ferredA2fromA2theA2handA2toA2theA2waterA2throughA2aA2processA2called:
SelectA2one:
A.A2evaporation.
B.A2conduction.
C.A2radiation.
D.A2convection.A2-A2Ans--A2B.A2conduction.
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2isA2anA2earlyA2signA2ofA2pitA2viperA2envenomation?
SelectA2one:
A.A2SignsA2andA2symptomsA2ofA2hypoperfusion
B.A2SyncopeA2andA2bleedingA2atA2distalA2sites
C.A2GeneralA2weaknessA2andA2diaphoresis
D.A2LocalA2swellingA2andA2ecchymosisA2-A2Ans--A2D.A2LocalA2swellingA2andA2ecchymosis
WhichA2ofA2theA2followingA2MOSTA2accuratelyA2describesA2hyperthermia?
SelectA2one:
A.A2HeatA2evaporatesA2aA2significantA2amountA2ofA2bodyA2water.
B.A2TheA2bodyA2eliminatesA2moreA2heatA2thanA2itA2canA2generate.
C.A2TheA2coreA2bodyA2temperatureA2exceedsA299.5°FA2(37°C).
D.A2TheA2bodyA2isA2exposedA2toA2moreA2heatA2thanA2itA2canA2lose.A2-A2Ans--
A2D.A2TheA2bodyA2isA2exposedA2toA2moreA2heatA2thanA2itA2canA2lose.
, YouA2andA2yourA2partnerA2respondA2toA2aA2parkA2whereA2severalA2peopleA2wereA2reported
lyA2struckA2byA2lightning.A2WhenA2youA2arrive,A2youA2findA2threeA2patients.A2TheA2firstA2pati
entA2isA2lyingA2supineA2onA2theA2ground;A2heA2isA2unresponsiveA2andA2doesA2notA2appearA
2toA2beA2breathing.A2TheA2secondA2patientA2isA2ambulatory,A2appearsA2confused,A2andA2is
A2holdingA2hisA2armA2againstA2hisA2chest.A2TheA2thirdA2patientA2isA2sittingA2onA2theA2groun
dA2holdingA2theA2sidesA2ofA2hisA2head.A2AfterA2callingA2forA2backup,A2youA2should:
SelectA2one:
A.A2assessA2theA2unresponsiveA2patient'sA2pulse,A2beginA2CPRA2startingA2withA2chestA2co
mpressionsA2ifA2heA2isA2pulseless,A2andA2attachA2theA2AEDA2asA2soonA2asA2possible.
B.A2immediatelyA2beginA2CPRA2onA2theA2unresponsiveA2patient,A2butA2ceaseA2resuscitatio
nA2effortsA2ifA2thereA2isA2noA2responseA2afterA25A2minutesA2ofA2treatment.
C.A2focusA2yourA2initialA2treatmentA2effortsA2onA2theA2patientsA2whoA2areA2consciousA2bec
auseA2theA2unresponsiveA2patientA2isA2likelyA2inA2irreversibleA2cardiacA2arrest.
D.A2recognizeA2thatA2theA2patientsA2wA2-A2Ans--
A2A.A2assessA2theA2unresponsiveA2patient'sA2pulse,A2beginA2CPRA2startingA2withA2chestA2c
ompressionsA2ifA2heA2isA2pulseless,A2andA2attachA2theA2AEDA2asA2soonA2asA2possible.
YouA2areA2transportingA2aA228-year-
oldA2manA2withA2aA2frostbittenA2foot.A2TheA2patient'sA2vitalA2signsA2areA2stableA2andA2heA2d
eniesA2anyA2otherA2injuriesA2orA2symptoms.A2TheA2weatherA2isA2treacherousA2andA2yourA2t
ransportA2timeA2toA2theA2hospitalA2isA2approximatelyA245A2minutes.A2DuringA2transport,A2y
ouA2should:
SelectA2one:
A.A2administerA2oxygenA2viaA2aA2nonrebreathingA2mask.
B.A2coverA2hisA2footA2withA2chemicalA2heatA2compresses.
C.A2protectA2theA2affectedA2partA2fromA2furtherA2injury.
D.A2rewarmA2hisA2footA2inA2102°FA2toA2104°FA2(38.9°CA2toA240°C)A2water.A2-A2Ans--
A2C.A2protectA2theA2affectedA2partA2fromA2furtherA2injury.
YouA2receiveA2aA2callA2toA2aA2residenceA2forA2aA2sickA2patient.A2UponA2yourA2arrival,A2youA
2findA2theA2patient,A2aA253-year-
oldA2diabeticA2male,A2lyingA2downA2onA2hisA2frontA2porch.A2HisA2wifeA2tellsA2youA2thatA2heA2
hadA2beenA2mowingA2theA2lawnA2inA2theA2heatA2forA2theA2pastA23A2hours.A2TheA2patientA2is
A2confusedA2andA2hasA2hot,A2moistA2skin.A2HisA2pulseA2isA2weakA2andA2thready,A2andA2hisA
2bloodA2pressureA2isA290/50A2mmA2Hg.A2YouA2should:
SelectA2one:
A.A2administerA2oneA2tubeA2ofA2oralA2glucoseA2andA2reassessA2hisA2mentalA2status.
B.A2performA2aA2head-to-toeA2assessmentA2andA2lookA2forA2signsA2ofA2trauma.
C.A2placeA2himA2inA2aA2sittingA2positionA2andA2haveA2himA2drinkA21A2LA2ofA2water.
D.A2loadA2himA2intoA2theA2ambulanceA2andA2beginA2rapidA2coolingA2interventions.A2-
A2Ans--A2D.A2loadA2himA2intoA2theA2ambulanceA2andA2beginA2rapidA2coolingA2interventions.
YouA2respondA2toA2aA2localA2lakeA2whereA2aA2diverA2complainsA2ofA2difficultyA2breathingA2t
hatA2occurredA2immediatelyA2afterA2rapidlyA2ascendingA2fromA2aA2depthA2ofA2approximatel
yA230A2feet.A2OnA2assessment,A2youA2noteA2thatA2heA2hasA2cyanosisA2aroundA2hisA2lipsA2a
ndA2hasA2pinkA2frothA2comingA2fromA2hisA2noseA2andA2mouth.A2YouA2should: