1 2026 Expert Verifed Ace the
Test
Etiology - ANSWER ✔✔Cause of particular disease on microscopic
level
Pathogenesis - ANSWER ✔✔Story of how disease develops
Atrophy - ANSWER ✔✔Decrease in the size of the cells, results in
reduced tissue mass
Hypertrophy - ANSWER ✔✔Increase in cell size, results in enlarged
tissue mass
, Hyperplasia - ANSWER ✔✔Increased number of cells, results in
enlarged tissue mass
Metaplasia - ANSWER ✔✔Mature cell type is replaced by a different
mature cell type, Ex: chronic smokers, cells lose cilia
Dysplasia - ANSWER ✔✔Cells are different looking varying in size
and shape
Neoplasia - ANSWER ✔✔New growth, commonly a tumor. May be
malignant or benign
Apoptosis - ANSWER ✔✔Programmed cell death, normal occurrence
in the body
Ischemia - ANSWER ✔✔Deficit of oxygen in the cells
Hypoxia - ANSWER ✔✔Reduced oxygen in the tissues
Iatrogenic - ANSWER ✔✔illness or disease process because a
medical process was done ex: CAUTI
Autosomal Recessive Disorders - ANSWER ✔✔Has to have two
recessive genes to have disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier
ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs