APHY102MidtermExam-IvyTechquestionswithcorrectanswers
1. Whatisahormoneandhowdoesitact?
:Ans-Hormonesarechemicalmessengers
thatareresponsibleforregulation.Theyaresecretedintobodyfluids,mainlyblood.Ithassp
ecificactionsontargettissues,whichareanytissuethathasspecificreceptorsforthatpartic
ularhormone.
2. Whatisaparacrinegland?
:Ans-asecretionthatentersinterstitialfluidbutaffectsonlyneighboringcells
3. Whatisanautocrinegland?
:Ans-Asecretionthatonlyaffectsthesecretingcell.
4. Whatisanendocrinegland?
:Ans-
Aglandthatsecretesasubstance(ahormone)intothebloodstreamandactontargetcells
5. Whatisanexocrinegland?
:Ans-Aductedglandthatproducesasecretionontoabodysurface.
6. Whereisthethymuslocated?
1/12
, :Ans-mediastinum;behindthesternum
7. Whereisthepinealglandlocated?
:Ans-centerofbrain
8. Wherearethereproductiveorganslocated?
:Ans-abdomen;pelvic
9. Whereisthepituitaryglandlocated?
:Ans-sellaturcicaofthesphenoidbone;baseofthebrain
10. Wherearetheadrenalglandslocated?
:Ans-ontopofeachkidney
11. Whereisthepancreaslocated?
:Ans-posteriortothestomach
12. Whatarethetwosteroidhormones?
:Ans-Sexhormonesandadrenalcortexhormones;estrogenandtestosterone
13. Describesteroidhormones
:Ans--diffusethroughcellmembranesintocytoplasmornucleus
-combinewithareceptormoleculebindingtoDNA
-promotetranscriptionofmRNA
2/12
,-mRNAenterscytoplasmdirectingproteinsynthesis
14. Describenon-steroidhormones.
:Ans-Amines,proteins,peptides,andglycopro-
teins.Theendocrineglandsecretesnonsteroidhormones,whichbodyfluidcarrieshormo
netoitstargetcell.Hormonecombineswithreceptorsiteonmembraneofitstargetcell,act
ivatingGprotein.Cellularchangesproducethehormone'seffects.
15. Howistheanteriorpituitaryglanddifferentthantheposteriorpituitarygland?
:Ans-
Theanteriorpituitarybecomesanendocrineglandproducingandsecretinghormonesfor
thebodyandconnectstotheposteriorpituitarywhenfullyformed.Meanwhile,theposteri
orpituitaryremainsconnectedtothehypothalamus,func-
tioningasarepositoryforhormonesproducedbythehypothalamusandreceivingmessa
gesfromitthatregulatewhenhormonesaretobereleasedtoandthroughtheanteriorpitu
itary
16. Whatregulatespituitaryglandsecretion?
:Ans-Hypothalamus
17. Describetropichormones
3/12
, :Ans-stimulateotherendocrineglandstoreleasehor-mones
4/12
1. Whatisahormoneandhowdoesitact?
:Ans-Hormonesarechemicalmessengers
thatareresponsibleforregulation.Theyaresecretedintobodyfluids,mainlyblood.Ithassp
ecificactionsontargettissues,whichareanytissuethathasspecificreceptorsforthatpartic
ularhormone.
2. Whatisaparacrinegland?
:Ans-asecretionthatentersinterstitialfluidbutaffectsonlyneighboringcells
3. Whatisanautocrinegland?
:Ans-Asecretionthatonlyaffectsthesecretingcell.
4. Whatisanendocrinegland?
:Ans-
Aglandthatsecretesasubstance(ahormone)intothebloodstreamandactontargetcells
5. Whatisanexocrinegland?
:Ans-Aductedglandthatproducesasecretionontoabodysurface.
6. Whereisthethymuslocated?
1/12
, :Ans-mediastinum;behindthesternum
7. Whereisthepinealglandlocated?
:Ans-centerofbrain
8. Wherearethereproductiveorganslocated?
:Ans-abdomen;pelvic
9. Whereisthepituitaryglandlocated?
:Ans-sellaturcicaofthesphenoidbone;baseofthebrain
10. Wherearetheadrenalglandslocated?
:Ans-ontopofeachkidney
11. Whereisthepancreaslocated?
:Ans-posteriortothestomach
12. Whatarethetwosteroidhormones?
:Ans-Sexhormonesandadrenalcortexhormones;estrogenandtestosterone
13. Describesteroidhormones
:Ans--diffusethroughcellmembranesintocytoplasmornucleus
-combinewithareceptormoleculebindingtoDNA
-promotetranscriptionofmRNA
2/12
,-mRNAenterscytoplasmdirectingproteinsynthesis
14. Describenon-steroidhormones.
:Ans-Amines,proteins,peptides,andglycopro-
teins.Theendocrineglandsecretesnonsteroidhormones,whichbodyfluidcarrieshormo
netoitstargetcell.Hormonecombineswithreceptorsiteonmembraneofitstargetcell,act
ivatingGprotein.Cellularchangesproducethehormone'seffects.
15. Howistheanteriorpituitaryglanddifferentthantheposteriorpituitarygland?
:Ans-
Theanteriorpituitarybecomesanendocrineglandproducingandsecretinghormonesfor
thebodyandconnectstotheposteriorpituitarywhenfullyformed.Meanwhile,theposteri
orpituitaryremainsconnectedtothehypothalamus,func-
tioningasarepositoryforhormonesproducedbythehypothalamusandreceivingmessa
gesfromitthatregulatewhenhormonesaretobereleasedtoandthroughtheanteriorpitu
itary
16. Whatregulatespituitaryglandsecretion?
:Ans-Hypothalamus
17. Describetropichormones
3/12
, :Ans-stimulateotherendocrineglandstoreleasehor-mones
4/12
