Summaries
What is Psychology?
Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. Behaviour includes
all our covert and overt actions and reactions. ( Covert behaviour – Thinking, Remembering)
( (overt behaviour- Facial Expression, talking) .
History or emergence of Psychology
1. William Wundt :- First laboratory ( 1879) Introspection Techniques.
2. Edward Titchener :- ( 1867 – 1927) Structuralism :- The focus of study was the
structure or basic elements of the mind.
3. William James :- ( 1842 – 1910) The focus of study is how the mind allows people to
adapt, live, work and play ( basic functions in the real world)
4. Gestalt Psychology:- Max Wertheimer ( 1880 – 1943) The Whole is the greater than
the sum of its parts ( for the study of sensation and perception in new way).
5. Psychoanalysis:- Sigmund Freud( 1856 – 1939) The theory and therapy is to help
people or clients gain insight into their motives and actions. ( Based of modern
psychotherapy)
6. Behaviourism( 1924):- John B. Watson (1878-1958) The Science of behaviour that
focuses on observable behaviour only.( Something that can be directly seen and
measured.)
7. Conditioning:- Ivan Pavlov ( 1849-1936)
• Classical Conditioning:- Ivan Pavlov (1897) learning to make an involuntary
response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally
produces the response.
• Operant conditioning:- B.F. Skinner (1938) The learning of voluntary behaviour
through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses.
What is Psychology?
Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. Behaviour includes
all our covert and overt actions and reactions. ( Covert behaviour – Thinking, Remembering)
( (overt behaviour- Facial Expression, talking) .
History or emergence of Psychology
1. William Wundt :- First laboratory ( 1879) Introspection Techniques.
2. Edward Titchener :- ( 1867 – 1927) Structuralism :- The focus of study was the
structure or basic elements of the mind.
3. William James :- ( 1842 – 1910) The focus of study is how the mind allows people to
adapt, live, work and play ( basic functions in the real world)
4. Gestalt Psychology:- Max Wertheimer ( 1880 – 1943) The Whole is the greater than
the sum of its parts ( for the study of sensation and perception in new way).
5. Psychoanalysis:- Sigmund Freud( 1856 – 1939) The theory and therapy is to help
people or clients gain insight into their motives and actions. ( Based of modern
psychotherapy)
6. Behaviourism( 1924):- John B. Watson (1878-1958) The Science of behaviour that
focuses on observable behaviour only.( Something that can be directly seen and
measured.)
7. Conditioning:- Ivan Pavlov ( 1849-1936)
• Classical Conditioning:- Ivan Pavlov (1897) learning to make an involuntary
response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally
produces the response.
• Operant conditioning:- B.F. Skinner (1938) The learning of voluntary behaviour
through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses.
