Nurs 5434 final Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening:
Recommendation: Begin screening at age 45.
Methods: Colonoscopy every 10 years, flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, or annual FIT
(Fecal Immunochemical Test).
Cervical Cancer Screening:
Recommendation:Ages 21-29: Pap smear every 3 years.Ages 30-65: Pap plus HPV co-testing
every 5 years or Pap alone every 3 years.
Breast Cancer Screening
Recommendation: Begin annual mammograms at age 40 (or 50, depending on guidelines) for
women, continuing as long as the woman is in good health.
Prostate Cancer Screening (PSA):
Recommendation: Discuss potential benefits and harms of screening with men starting at age
50, or at 45 for those at higher risk (e.g., family history).
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Screening:
Recommendation: Regular blood pressure checks starting at age 20, lipid profile screening
every 4-6 years starting at age 20, and diabetes screening as needed.
D Recommendations:
D Recommendations: Typically include recommendations against certain screenings or
treatments where the harms outweigh the benefits. For example:Do not screen for cervical
, cancer in women under 21, regardless of sexual history.Do not screen for prostate cancer with
PSA in men under 55 or over 69 unless there are specific risk factors.
2017 ACC/AHA HTN Guidelines
Normal BP: <120/80 mmHg; Elevated: 120-129/<80; Stage 1: 130-139/80-89; Stage 2:
≥140/90.
Lifestyle recommendations for HTN
o Exercise: At least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week.
o Sodium Intake: Limit to <2,300 mg/day; ideally <1,500 mg/day for those with HTN.
o Alcohol Intake: Limit to ≤1 drink/day for women and ≤2 drinks/day for men.
Drug Categories for HTN
Thiazide Diuretics: Side effects include electrolyte imbalances.
ACE Inhibitors: May cause cough and angioedema.
ARBs: Generally well-tolerated but may lead to hyperkalemia.
Calcium Channel Blockers: Possible peripheral edema.
Target BP Goals
Start meds if BP ≥130/80; aim for <130/80.
Target Organ Damage (TOD):
Assess through history and physical exam, looking for signs of heart, kidney, and eye
damage.
step up drug therapy
Answers
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Screening:
Recommendation: Begin screening at age 45.
Methods: Colonoscopy every 10 years, flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, or annual FIT
(Fecal Immunochemical Test).
Cervical Cancer Screening:
Recommendation:Ages 21-29: Pap smear every 3 years.Ages 30-65: Pap plus HPV co-testing
every 5 years or Pap alone every 3 years.
Breast Cancer Screening
Recommendation: Begin annual mammograms at age 40 (or 50, depending on guidelines) for
women, continuing as long as the woman is in good health.
Prostate Cancer Screening (PSA):
Recommendation: Discuss potential benefits and harms of screening with men starting at age
50, or at 45 for those at higher risk (e.g., family history).
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Screening:
Recommendation: Regular blood pressure checks starting at age 20, lipid profile screening
every 4-6 years starting at age 20, and diabetes screening as needed.
D Recommendations:
D Recommendations: Typically include recommendations against certain screenings or
treatments where the harms outweigh the benefits. For example:Do not screen for cervical
, cancer in women under 21, regardless of sexual history.Do not screen for prostate cancer with
PSA in men under 55 or over 69 unless there are specific risk factors.
2017 ACC/AHA HTN Guidelines
Normal BP: <120/80 mmHg; Elevated: 120-129/<80; Stage 1: 130-139/80-89; Stage 2:
≥140/90.
Lifestyle recommendations for HTN
o Exercise: At least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity per week.
o Sodium Intake: Limit to <2,300 mg/day; ideally <1,500 mg/day for those with HTN.
o Alcohol Intake: Limit to ≤1 drink/day for women and ≤2 drinks/day for men.
Drug Categories for HTN
Thiazide Diuretics: Side effects include electrolyte imbalances.
ACE Inhibitors: May cause cough and angioedema.
ARBs: Generally well-tolerated but may lead to hyperkalemia.
Calcium Channel Blockers: Possible peripheral edema.
Target BP Goals
Start meds if BP ≥130/80; aim for <130/80.
Target Organ Damage (TOD):
Assess through history and physical exam, looking for signs of heart, kidney, and eye
damage.
step up drug therapy
