NUR 529 Exam 3 Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
What Essential vitamins in clotting is found in intestinal flora?
Vitamin K
How is Vitamin K made in the intestinal flora?
Colonic microorganisms play a role in vitamin synthesis and in absorption of calcium,
magnesium, and iron. colonic flora, for example, synthesizes vitamin ... ex. nb infant does not
synthesize vitamin ... in 1st week of life
Intestinal Flora Roles and Functions
Metabolic activities that salvage energy & absorbable nutrients
Trophic effects on intestinal epithelial cells
Protection of the colonized host against invasion by pathogenic organisms
Major metabolic function of colonic microflora is the fermentation of undigestible dietary
residue & endogenous mucus produced by the epithelial cells.
Fermentation of carbohydrates, including resistant starches, cellulose, pectins, unabsorbed
sugars, is a major energy source in the colon
Celiac Disease
(gluten-sensitive enteropathy) - immune-mediated disorder (T-cell) triggered by ingestion of
gluten containing grains (most common genetic diseases today 1-6%)
Inflammation reaction that results in the loss of absorptive villi from the intestine impaired
absorption of macronutrients (proteins, carbs, fats) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals)
,Exposure to gluten is most prominent in the proximal part of small intestine
Dx is based on clinical manifestations (S&S), serologic tests, intestinal small bowel biopsy,
IgA antihuman tissue transgluaminase (TTG) and IgA endomysial antibody
immunofluorescence (EMA), common to get iron deficiency anemia (IDA) if positive
Celiac Disease dietary recommendations
removal of gluten and related proteins from the diet. Meats, vegetables, fruits, and dairy
products are free of gluten as long as they are not contaminated during processing. Complete
exclusion of dietary gluten generally results in rapid and complete healing of the intestinal
mucosa.
What medications affect Gastric Mucosa layers?
Nsaids ex. aspirin causes erosion and damage to superficial cells.
Which NSAID increases risk for GI Bleeding?
Aspirin - Gastric irritation and occult bleeding due to gastric irritation
How do we get rid of bilirubin?
Pressure in the common duct largely is responsible for regulating passage of bile into the
intestine. it empties bile into the intestine as the gallbladder contracts, producing an increase
in common duct pressure. The sphincters in the common duct then regulate the flow of bile.
How does the body break down and digest fat?
,Your liver makes a digestive juice called bile that helps digest fats and some vitamins.
pancreas also secretes pancreatic amylase, which breaks down starch, and lipases, which
hydrolyze neutral fats into glycerol and fatty acids.
What is function and role of gallbladder?
store and concentrate bile.
What is Hep A and how is it transmitted?
caused by the HAV, a small, unenveloped, positive-sense RNA virus.
fecal-oral route
incubation period of 14 to 28 days
replicates in the liver, is excreted in the bile, and is shed in the stool.
Examples of Hep A transmission
Drinking contaminated milk or water and eating shellfish from infected waters are fairly
common routes of transmission.
Young Children - asymptomatic (oral behavior and lack of toilet training)
Not transmitted by blood or plasma due to signs of illness
What is Hep B and how is it transmitted?
caused by the HBV, a small, double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Hepadnaviridae
family.
longer incubation period and represents a more serious health problem than hepatitis A.
inoculation with infected blood or serum
Examples of Hep B transmission
, Oral and body secretions (sexual contact), injecting drug users, heterosexuals with multiple
sex partners, and men who have sex with men
blood exposure and accidental needle injuries.
can be spread through transfusion or administration of blood products
What is Hep C and how is it transmitted?
an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus from the Flaviviridae family and
genus Hepacivirus.
HCV infection ranges from 2 to 26 weeks (average, 6 to 12 weeks)
direct exposure to blood, via blood transfusions (main route) , unsafe healthcare-related
injections, and intravenous drug use.
Example of Hep C transmission
unsafe medical procedures and unscreened blood transfusions, recreational injecting drug use
(most common,High-risk sexual behavior, needle stick injury
tattooing, acupuncture, and body piercing
What diagnostic labs support a malnutrition diagnosis?
Prealbumin is used in the diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition. Albumin, which has
historically been used as a determinant of nutrition status,
Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and controls appetite, how does it do this?
leptin acts at the level of the hypothalamus to decrease food intake and increase energy
expenditure. Leptin levels tend to rise after food intake and fall during fasting. .... signals the
brain via leptin that sufficient storage of calories has been achieved and increased food
intake is not necessary. Leptin resistance or a failure to respond to the high levels of leptin
may result in obesity
Answers
What Essential vitamins in clotting is found in intestinal flora?
Vitamin K
How is Vitamin K made in the intestinal flora?
Colonic microorganisms play a role in vitamin synthesis and in absorption of calcium,
magnesium, and iron. colonic flora, for example, synthesizes vitamin ... ex. nb infant does not
synthesize vitamin ... in 1st week of life
Intestinal Flora Roles and Functions
Metabolic activities that salvage energy & absorbable nutrients
Trophic effects on intestinal epithelial cells
Protection of the colonized host against invasion by pathogenic organisms
Major metabolic function of colonic microflora is the fermentation of undigestible dietary
residue & endogenous mucus produced by the epithelial cells.
Fermentation of carbohydrates, including resistant starches, cellulose, pectins, unabsorbed
sugars, is a major energy source in the colon
Celiac Disease
(gluten-sensitive enteropathy) - immune-mediated disorder (T-cell) triggered by ingestion of
gluten containing grains (most common genetic diseases today 1-6%)
Inflammation reaction that results in the loss of absorptive villi from the intestine impaired
absorption of macronutrients (proteins, carbs, fats) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals)
,Exposure to gluten is most prominent in the proximal part of small intestine
Dx is based on clinical manifestations (S&S), serologic tests, intestinal small bowel biopsy,
IgA antihuman tissue transgluaminase (TTG) and IgA endomysial antibody
immunofluorescence (EMA), common to get iron deficiency anemia (IDA) if positive
Celiac Disease dietary recommendations
removal of gluten and related proteins from the diet. Meats, vegetables, fruits, and dairy
products are free of gluten as long as they are not contaminated during processing. Complete
exclusion of dietary gluten generally results in rapid and complete healing of the intestinal
mucosa.
What medications affect Gastric Mucosa layers?
Nsaids ex. aspirin causes erosion and damage to superficial cells.
Which NSAID increases risk for GI Bleeding?
Aspirin - Gastric irritation and occult bleeding due to gastric irritation
How do we get rid of bilirubin?
Pressure in the common duct largely is responsible for regulating passage of bile into the
intestine. it empties bile into the intestine as the gallbladder contracts, producing an increase
in common duct pressure. The sphincters in the common duct then regulate the flow of bile.
How does the body break down and digest fat?
,Your liver makes a digestive juice called bile that helps digest fats and some vitamins.
pancreas also secretes pancreatic amylase, which breaks down starch, and lipases, which
hydrolyze neutral fats into glycerol and fatty acids.
What is function and role of gallbladder?
store and concentrate bile.
What is Hep A and how is it transmitted?
caused by the HAV, a small, unenveloped, positive-sense RNA virus.
fecal-oral route
incubation period of 14 to 28 days
replicates in the liver, is excreted in the bile, and is shed in the stool.
Examples of Hep A transmission
Drinking contaminated milk or water and eating shellfish from infected waters are fairly
common routes of transmission.
Young Children - asymptomatic (oral behavior and lack of toilet training)
Not transmitted by blood or plasma due to signs of illness
What is Hep B and how is it transmitted?
caused by the HBV, a small, double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Hepadnaviridae
family.
longer incubation period and represents a more serious health problem than hepatitis A.
inoculation with infected blood or serum
Examples of Hep B transmission
, Oral and body secretions (sexual contact), injecting drug users, heterosexuals with multiple
sex partners, and men who have sex with men
blood exposure and accidental needle injuries.
can be spread through transfusion or administration of blood products
What is Hep C and how is it transmitted?
an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus from the Flaviviridae family and
genus Hepacivirus.
HCV infection ranges from 2 to 26 weeks (average, 6 to 12 weeks)
direct exposure to blood, via blood transfusions (main route) , unsafe healthcare-related
injections, and intravenous drug use.
Example of Hep C transmission
unsafe medical procedures and unscreened blood transfusions, recreational injecting drug use
(most common,High-risk sexual behavior, needle stick injury
tattooing, acupuncture, and body piercing
What diagnostic labs support a malnutrition diagnosis?
Prealbumin is used in the diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition. Albumin, which has
historically been used as a determinant of nutrition status,
Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and controls appetite, how does it do this?
leptin acts at the level of the hypothalamus to decrease food intake and increase energy
expenditure. Leptin levels tend to rise after food intake and fall during fasting. .... signals the
brain via leptin that sufficient storage of calories has been achieved and increased food
intake is not necessary. Leptin resistance or a failure to respond to the high levels of leptin
may result in obesity
