NUR 529 Exam 1 Questions with 100% Correct
Answers
Pathogenesis
explains how the disease process evolves. Sequence of cellular and tissue events that take
place from the time of initial contact with an etiologic agent until the ultimate expression of a
disease.
Morphology
Refers to the fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues. Changes are concerned with
both the gross anatomic and microscopic changes that are characteristic of a disease.
Histology
Deals with the study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues. Sections play an
important role in the diagnosis of many types of cancers.
Clinical Manifestation
make it evident that the person is sick (fever)
Diagnosis
Designation as to the nature or cause of a health problem. Requires a careful history, physical
examination, and diagnostic tests.
Clinical Course
Describes the evolution of a disease. A disease can have an acute, subacute, or chronic
course. Acute disorder is relatively severe, but self-limiting. Chronic disease implies a
continuous, long-term process. Subacute disease is an intermediate or between acute and
chronic; not as severe as an acute disease and not as prolonged as a chronic disease.
,Primary Prevention
directed at keeping disease from occurring by removing risk factors (vaccination)
Secondary Prevention
detects disease early when it is still asymptomatic and treatment measures can effect a cure or
stop the disease from progressing (pap smear)
Reliability
the extent to which an observation, when repeated, gives the same result
Validity
the extent to which a measurement tool measures what it is intended to measure
Sensitivity
determining the likelihood or how well the test or observation identifies people with a disease
Specificity
determining the likelihood or how well the test or observation identifies people without a
disease
Predictive value
the extent to which an observation or test result is able to predict the presence of a given
disease or condition
Incidence
the number of new cases arising in a population at risk during a specified time
Prevalence
,a measure of existing disease in a population at a given point in time
Morbidity
describes the effects an illness has on a person's life
Mortality
pertains to the causes of death in a given population
Tertiary Prevention
directed at clinical interventions that prevent further deterioration or reduce the complications
of a disease that is already present (antibiotic)
Hyperplasia
refers to an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. It occurs in tissues with cells
that are capable of mitotic division, such as the epidermis, intestinal epithelium, and
glandular tissue.
Physiologic Hyperplasia
hormonal (pregnancy) and compensatory (partial removal of organ)
Hormonal Physiologic Hyperplasia
breast and uterine enlargement during pregnancy
Compensatory Physiologic Hyperplasia
regeneration of liver after partial hepatectomy
nonphysiologic (pathologic) hyperplasia
, due to excessive hormonal stimulation or the effects of growth factors on target tissues.
Example: excessive estrogen production can cause endometrial hyperplasia and abnormal
menstrual bleeding; benign prostatic hyperplasia is related to the action of androgens.
Metaplasia
represents a reversible change in which one adult cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is
replaced by another adult cell type
Dysplasia
is characterized by deranged cell growth of a specific tissue that results in cells that vary in
size, shape, and organization, strongly implicated as a precursor of cancer
Necrosis
refers to cell death in an organ or tissue that is still part of a living organism
Liquefaction Necrosis
occurs when some of the cells die but their catalytic enzymes are not destroyed. Example:
softening of the center of an abscess with discharge of its contents
Coagulation Necrosis
acidosis develops and denatures the enzymatic and structural proteins of the cell.
Characteristic of hypoxic injury and is seen in infarcted areas. Infarction occurs when an
artery supplying an organ or part of the body becomes occluded and no other source of blood
supply exists
Caseous Necrosis
form of coagulation necrosis in which the dead cells persist indefinitely. Most commonly
found in the center of TB granulomas
Answers
Pathogenesis
explains how the disease process evolves. Sequence of cellular and tissue events that take
place from the time of initial contact with an etiologic agent until the ultimate expression of a
disease.
Morphology
Refers to the fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues. Changes are concerned with
both the gross anatomic and microscopic changes that are characteristic of a disease.
Histology
Deals with the study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body tissues. Sections play an
important role in the diagnosis of many types of cancers.
Clinical Manifestation
make it evident that the person is sick (fever)
Diagnosis
Designation as to the nature or cause of a health problem. Requires a careful history, physical
examination, and diagnostic tests.
Clinical Course
Describes the evolution of a disease. A disease can have an acute, subacute, or chronic
course. Acute disorder is relatively severe, but self-limiting. Chronic disease implies a
continuous, long-term process. Subacute disease is an intermediate or between acute and
chronic; not as severe as an acute disease and not as prolonged as a chronic disease.
,Primary Prevention
directed at keeping disease from occurring by removing risk factors (vaccination)
Secondary Prevention
detects disease early when it is still asymptomatic and treatment measures can effect a cure or
stop the disease from progressing (pap smear)
Reliability
the extent to which an observation, when repeated, gives the same result
Validity
the extent to which a measurement tool measures what it is intended to measure
Sensitivity
determining the likelihood or how well the test or observation identifies people with a disease
Specificity
determining the likelihood or how well the test or observation identifies people without a
disease
Predictive value
the extent to which an observation or test result is able to predict the presence of a given
disease or condition
Incidence
the number of new cases arising in a population at risk during a specified time
Prevalence
,a measure of existing disease in a population at a given point in time
Morbidity
describes the effects an illness has on a person's life
Mortality
pertains to the causes of death in a given population
Tertiary Prevention
directed at clinical interventions that prevent further deterioration or reduce the complications
of a disease that is already present (antibiotic)
Hyperplasia
refers to an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. It occurs in tissues with cells
that are capable of mitotic division, such as the epidermis, intestinal epithelium, and
glandular tissue.
Physiologic Hyperplasia
hormonal (pregnancy) and compensatory (partial removal of organ)
Hormonal Physiologic Hyperplasia
breast and uterine enlargement during pregnancy
Compensatory Physiologic Hyperplasia
regeneration of liver after partial hepatectomy
nonphysiologic (pathologic) hyperplasia
, due to excessive hormonal stimulation or the effects of growth factors on target tissues.
Example: excessive estrogen production can cause endometrial hyperplasia and abnormal
menstrual bleeding; benign prostatic hyperplasia is related to the action of androgens.
Metaplasia
represents a reversible change in which one adult cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is
replaced by another adult cell type
Dysplasia
is characterized by deranged cell growth of a specific tissue that results in cells that vary in
size, shape, and organization, strongly implicated as a precursor of cancer
Necrosis
refers to cell death in an organ or tissue that is still part of a living organism
Liquefaction Necrosis
occurs when some of the cells die but their catalytic enzymes are not destroyed. Example:
softening of the center of an abscess with discharge of its contents
Coagulation Necrosis
acidosis develops and denatures the enzymatic and structural proteins of the cell.
Characteristic of hypoxic injury and is seen in infarcted areas. Infarction occurs when an
artery supplying an organ or part of the body becomes occluded and no other source of blood
supply exists
Caseous Necrosis
form of coagulation necrosis in which the dead cells persist indefinitely. Most commonly
found in the center of TB granulomas
