EDF 6222 Final Test Questions with Correct
Answers
psychophysical parallelism
While some methodological behaviorists accept that there are mental states, they have ruled
them completely out of consideration. This is not a new concept and was once referred to as .
methodological
behaviorism might be thought of as a psychological version of logical positivism or
operationism.
introspection
Structuralism relied on , which looked inward to describe sensations, images, and feelings
philosophy
"Behaviorism is not the science of human behavior; it is the of that science" (Skinner, 1974.
p.3).
parsimony
With , we look for the simplest explanation possible, not extensive mentalistic explanations.
bias, evidence, replication
In order to be excellent stewards of science, as behavior analysts, we can follow a few
guidelines when gathering and evaluating evidence. This includes reducing ___ by ensuring
interobserver agreement, examining for actual ___(as opposed to effects that could have
produced changes without the intervention), ___ , and self-correction.
evidence
,Being scientifically skeptical means that until there is available, assumptions should not be
made.
science, lawful relations
"___ is more than the mere description of events as they occur. It is an attempt to discover
order, to show that certain events stand in ___ to other events (Skinner, 1953, p.6)."
mentalistic, explanatory
In Pavlov's early research, he did not jump to conclusions to suggest that the dog was
"thinking" of food, and therefore salivating. Instead, he carefully controlled conditions that
allowed him to show that particular stimuli can "acquire" the ability to elicit secretion. His
careful analysis of the scientific method allowed him to avoid both ___ and ___ fictions
debilitating
The evolutionary explanation for reflexes indicates that they are for the survival of the
organism. However, we know all too well that sometimes responses can be conditioned that
serve no purpose - even add a __ purpose - to our complex lives.
conditioning, stimulus control, novel
Skinner (1953) informed us "Although the process of __ greatly extends the scope of the
eliciting stimulus, it does not bring all the behavior of the organism within such __ "(p. 56).
Conditioning can add numerous different eliciting stimuli, but it will never fashion a __
response.
prediction, control, accessible
According to Skinner, contingencies of reinforcement have an edge over contingencies of
survival because contingencies of reinforcement "Have the edge with __ and __ and the
, conditions under which a species acquires behavior are relatively __ and can often be
manipulated".
ontogeny
is the learned behaviors of a particular animal during its lifetime.
phylogeny
is behaviors that have been passed down over the lifetime of the entire species.
chain, learned
It can be difficult to distinguish between ontogenetic and phylogenic established behaviors.
For a person viewing a complex __ for the first time, it may seem mysterious. But each step
of the chain can be traced back to the shaping process. Just because the shaping process was
not observed, it does not mean that it was not __ . However, when we view a spider spin a
web "no comparable history can be invoked" to determine the phylogenic contingencies at
work (Skinner, 1966, p.1208).
genes, environment, cause
Moore (2015) stated " __ predispose an individual's susceptibility to influence from the __ (p.
27). We must be careful not to assert that genes "__ " behavior; rather, they set up the
physical basis for the processes and structures that participate in behavior. Behavior still
occurs in the context of the environment.
model
Imitative responses necessarily require the learner to orient toward the __ rather than the
topographical correspondence of their behavior with respect to the model.
discriminative control
Answers
psychophysical parallelism
While some methodological behaviorists accept that there are mental states, they have ruled
them completely out of consideration. This is not a new concept and was once referred to as .
methodological
behaviorism might be thought of as a psychological version of logical positivism or
operationism.
introspection
Structuralism relied on , which looked inward to describe sensations, images, and feelings
philosophy
"Behaviorism is not the science of human behavior; it is the of that science" (Skinner, 1974.
p.3).
parsimony
With , we look for the simplest explanation possible, not extensive mentalistic explanations.
bias, evidence, replication
In order to be excellent stewards of science, as behavior analysts, we can follow a few
guidelines when gathering and evaluating evidence. This includes reducing ___ by ensuring
interobserver agreement, examining for actual ___(as opposed to effects that could have
produced changes without the intervention), ___ , and self-correction.
evidence
,Being scientifically skeptical means that until there is available, assumptions should not be
made.
science, lawful relations
"___ is more than the mere description of events as they occur. It is an attempt to discover
order, to show that certain events stand in ___ to other events (Skinner, 1953, p.6)."
mentalistic, explanatory
In Pavlov's early research, he did not jump to conclusions to suggest that the dog was
"thinking" of food, and therefore salivating. Instead, he carefully controlled conditions that
allowed him to show that particular stimuli can "acquire" the ability to elicit secretion. His
careful analysis of the scientific method allowed him to avoid both ___ and ___ fictions
debilitating
The evolutionary explanation for reflexes indicates that they are for the survival of the
organism. However, we know all too well that sometimes responses can be conditioned that
serve no purpose - even add a __ purpose - to our complex lives.
conditioning, stimulus control, novel
Skinner (1953) informed us "Although the process of __ greatly extends the scope of the
eliciting stimulus, it does not bring all the behavior of the organism within such __ "(p. 56).
Conditioning can add numerous different eliciting stimuli, but it will never fashion a __
response.
prediction, control, accessible
According to Skinner, contingencies of reinforcement have an edge over contingencies of
survival because contingencies of reinforcement "Have the edge with __ and __ and the
, conditions under which a species acquires behavior are relatively __ and can often be
manipulated".
ontogeny
is the learned behaviors of a particular animal during its lifetime.
phylogeny
is behaviors that have been passed down over the lifetime of the entire species.
chain, learned
It can be difficult to distinguish between ontogenetic and phylogenic established behaviors.
For a person viewing a complex __ for the first time, it may seem mysterious. But each step
of the chain can be traced back to the shaping process. Just because the shaping process was
not observed, it does not mean that it was not __ . However, when we view a spider spin a
web "no comparable history can be invoked" to determine the phylogenic contingencies at
work (Skinner, 1966, p.1208).
genes, environment, cause
Moore (2015) stated " __ predispose an individual's susceptibility to influence from the __ (p.
27). We must be careful not to assert that genes "__ " behavior; rather, they set up the
physical basis for the processes and structures that participate in behavior. Behavior still
occurs in the context of the environment.
model
Imitative responses necessarily require the learner to orient toward the __ rather than the
topographical correspondence of their behavior with respect to the model.
discriminative control
