CISSN UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A PLUS
Cissn Certification Bundle Actual Examination
Compilation 2026/2027 Comprehensive Questions
and Answers Verified Solutions Latest Update
Question:
What is a waxy maize starch and what effect does it have on blood glucose.
Answer:
- a highly branched starch called amylopectin. Water soluble and absorbed by the gut more quickly
than dextrose or maltodextrin, research has not substantiated this claim. has been shown to be
absorbed with less insulin, allowing ketogenic affects to remain, increase both glycogen and FFA
substrate utilization
Question:
Based on recent studies, which vitamin shows evidence of positively affecting muscle function?
Answer:
Vitamin D
Question:
What is needed for gluconeogenesis in humans? Give examples of gluconeogenic precursors?
Answer:
Gluconeogenesis relies upon lactate, pyruvate, glycerol (a catabolic product of triglycerols) and
certain amino acids (glutamine and alanine)
Question:
What effect does long-term coffee consumption have on Type II Diabetes?
Answer:
Results suggest that moderate consumption of both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee may lower
risk of type II diabetes in younger and middle-aged women. Coffee constituents other than caffeine
,may affect the development of type II diabetes
Question:
What effect does supplementing with WPI have on muscle damage?
Answer:
- The major finding of this investigation was that whey protein isolate supplementation attenuated
the impairment in isometric and isokinetic muscle forces during recovery from exercise-induced
muscle injury The current study demonstrates that whey protein is a partially hydrolyzed
(pre-digested) form improves strength recovery rates, possibly due to an increase in the rate of repair
processes and/or a reduction in the extent of damage, from intense training, in particular, eccentric
exercise that is commonly used in weight training
Question:
When glycogen stores are depleted, what macronutrient becomes the predominant fuel source
during distance running?
Answer:
fat (oxidation)
Question:
How many extra kcal are required for accumulation of 1 kg of body fat?
Answer:
approximately 7000
Question:
What are the effects of pre-exercise dehydration on thermoregulation and performance?
Answer:
decrease thermoregulation and performance
,Question:
What are the effects of L-alanyl-L-Glutamine supplementation on time-to-exhaustion and
dehydration stress?
Answer:
Results demonstrate that AG supplementation provided a significant ergogenic benefit by increasing
time to exhaustion during a mild hydration stress. This ergogenic effect was likely mediated by an
enhanced fluid and electrolyte uptake
Question:
What effects can a low-carbohydrate diet have on prolonged physical activity?
Answer:
Decreased glycogen synthesis, decreased performance, overreaching/overtraining
Question:
Approximately how many days of heat exposure does it take to fully acclimate to exercising in the
heat?
Answer:
Complete acclimation takes up to 14 days
Question:
What is HICA and what are the effects of its supplementation for a period of 4 weeks?
Answer:
- Alfa-Hydroxy-isocaproic acid (HICA) is an end product of leucine metabolism in human tissues
such as muscle and connective tissue. According to the clinical and experimental studies, HICA can
be considered as an anti-catabolic substance. The present study investigated the effects of HICA
supplementation on body composition, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) and physical
performance of athletes during a training period already a 4-week HICA supplementation of 1.5 g a
day leads to small increases in muscle mass during an intensive training period in soccer athletes
Question:
, What is a BOD-POD?
Answer:
a body composition recording device that uses air displacement plethysmography
Question:
Compare fat and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise. Under what conditions does one fuel
source predominate over the other?
Answer:
- Fat oxidation primarily occurs at low intensity long duration exercise Carbohydrates are oxidized
preferentially during higher intensity exercise
Question:
What effect does betaine supplementation have on exercise performance?
Answer:
-betaine supplementation may positively affect exercise performance through favorable lactate and
preferential fatty acid substrate metabolism has been down to increase power, force, and
maintenance
Question:
Chronic heavy resistance training causes what adaptations in skeletal muscle?
Answer:
- increase in muscle strength and size (hypertrophy) greater increase in Type II muscle fibers shift in
fiber type IIx to IIa
Question:
Regular aerobic training causes what adaptations in skeletal muscle?
Answer:
-increased oxidative capacity, increased number and size of mitochondria, increase in enzymes of
metabolic pathways involved in oxidative metabolism --------succinate dehydrogenase, malate
Cissn Certification Bundle Actual Examination
Compilation 2026/2027 Comprehensive Questions
and Answers Verified Solutions Latest Update
Question:
What is a waxy maize starch and what effect does it have on blood glucose.
Answer:
- a highly branched starch called amylopectin. Water soluble and absorbed by the gut more quickly
than dextrose or maltodextrin, research has not substantiated this claim. has been shown to be
absorbed with less insulin, allowing ketogenic affects to remain, increase both glycogen and FFA
substrate utilization
Question:
Based on recent studies, which vitamin shows evidence of positively affecting muscle function?
Answer:
Vitamin D
Question:
What is needed for gluconeogenesis in humans? Give examples of gluconeogenic precursors?
Answer:
Gluconeogenesis relies upon lactate, pyruvate, glycerol (a catabolic product of triglycerols) and
certain amino acids (glutamine and alanine)
Question:
What effect does long-term coffee consumption have on Type II Diabetes?
Answer:
Results suggest that moderate consumption of both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee may lower
risk of type II diabetes in younger and middle-aged women. Coffee constituents other than caffeine
,may affect the development of type II diabetes
Question:
What effect does supplementing with WPI have on muscle damage?
Answer:
- The major finding of this investigation was that whey protein isolate supplementation attenuated
the impairment in isometric and isokinetic muscle forces during recovery from exercise-induced
muscle injury The current study demonstrates that whey protein is a partially hydrolyzed
(pre-digested) form improves strength recovery rates, possibly due to an increase in the rate of repair
processes and/or a reduction in the extent of damage, from intense training, in particular, eccentric
exercise that is commonly used in weight training
Question:
When glycogen stores are depleted, what macronutrient becomes the predominant fuel source
during distance running?
Answer:
fat (oxidation)
Question:
How many extra kcal are required for accumulation of 1 kg of body fat?
Answer:
approximately 7000
Question:
What are the effects of pre-exercise dehydration on thermoregulation and performance?
Answer:
decrease thermoregulation and performance
,Question:
What are the effects of L-alanyl-L-Glutamine supplementation on time-to-exhaustion and
dehydration stress?
Answer:
Results demonstrate that AG supplementation provided a significant ergogenic benefit by increasing
time to exhaustion during a mild hydration stress. This ergogenic effect was likely mediated by an
enhanced fluid and electrolyte uptake
Question:
What effects can a low-carbohydrate diet have on prolonged physical activity?
Answer:
Decreased glycogen synthesis, decreased performance, overreaching/overtraining
Question:
Approximately how many days of heat exposure does it take to fully acclimate to exercising in the
heat?
Answer:
Complete acclimation takes up to 14 days
Question:
What is HICA and what are the effects of its supplementation for a period of 4 weeks?
Answer:
- Alfa-Hydroxy-isocaproic acid (HICA) is an end product of leucine metabolism in human tissues
such as muscle and connective tissue. According to the clinical and experimental studies, HICA can
be considered as an anti-catabolic substance. The present study investigated the effects of HICA
supplementation on body composition, delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) and physical
performance of athletes during a training period already a 4-week HICA supplementation of 1.5 g a
day leads to small increases in muscle mass during an intensive training period in soccer athletes
Question:
, What is a BOD-POD?
Answer:
a body composition recording device that uses air displacement plethysmography
Question:
Compare fat and carbohydrate oxidation during exercise. Under what conditions does one fuel
source predominate over the other?
Answer:
- Fat oxidation primarily occurs at low intensity long duration exercise Carbohydrates are oxidized
preferentially during higher intensity exercise
Question:
What effect does betaine supplementation have on exercise performance?
Answer:
-betaine supplementation may positively affect exercise performance through favorable lactate and
preferential fatty acid substrate metabolism has been down to increase power, force, and
maintenance
Question:
Chronic heavy resistance training causes what adaptations in skeletal muscle?
Answer:
- increase in muscle strength and size (hypertrophy) greater increase in Type II muscle fibers shift in
fiber type IIx to IIa
Question:
Regular aerobic training causes what adaptations in skeletal muscle?
Answer:
-increased oxidative capacity, increased number and size of mitochondria, increase in enzymes of
metabolic pathways involved in oxidative metabolism --------succinate dehydrogenase, malate
