BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY
Lecture#1
BIOL 252 Human Anatomy &
Physiology II w/Lab | Module 1:
Blood| Complete Summary Notes |
| High-Yield Exam Review | 2026
Edition
, Physiology of Blood
• Definition: Blood is a specialized
connective tissue in which there is a
liquid intercellular substance known
as plasma and formed elements.
• It circulates in a closed system of
blood vessels and chambers of heart
by pumping of heart.
• Formed elements:
✓ Red blood cells-Erythrocytes
✓ White blood cells-Leucocytes
✓ Platelets- Thrombocytes
, Functions of Blood
1- Transport function:
– A-Respiratory function: Haemoglobin the respiratory
pigment present in the Red Blood Cells (RBCS) .It increases
oxygen carrying capacity of blood.O2 & CO2.
– B-Nutritive function: glucose, amino acids, fatty acids,
vitamins, minerals & water.
– C- Excretory function: Urea, uric acid, creatinine through
kidney. Bile pigments through liver. CO2 through lungs.
– D:Distribution function: Hormones & hormone binding
proteins towards target tissues & organs.
– E: Temperature regulation: Heat produced in active tissues
in the body core is brought to the skin and lungs. It is
regulated by the amount of blood flow to these areas. The
water in plasma has
• i) High specific heat-can absorb large amount of heat.
• ii) High thermal conductivity-distribute heat.
• iii) High heat of evaporation-heat loss.
Lecture#1
BIOL 252 Human Anatomy &
Physiology II w/Lab | Module 1:
Blood| Complete Summary Notes |
| High-Yield Exam Review | 2026
Edition
, Physiology of Blood
• Definition: Blood is a specialized
connective tissue in which there is a
liquid intercellular substance known
as plasma and formed elements.
• It circulates in a closed system of
blood vessels and chambers of heart
by pumping of heart.
• Formed elements:
✓ Red blood cells-Erythrocytes
✓ White blood cells-Leucocytes
✓ Platelets- Thrombocytes
, Functions of Blood
1- Transport function:
– A-Respiratory function: Haemoglobin the respiratory
pigment present in the Red Blood Cells (RBCS) .It increases
oxygen carrying capacity of blood.O2 & CO2.
– B-Nutritive function: glucose, amino acids, fatty acids,
vitamins, minerals & water.
– C- Excretory function: Urea, uric acid, creatinine through
kidney. Bile pigments through liver. CO2 through lungs.
– D:Distribution function: Hormones & hormone binding
proteins towards target tissues & organs.
– E: Temperature regulation: Heat produced in active tissues
in the body core is brought to the skin and lungs. It is
regulated by the amount of blood flow to these areas. The
water in plasma has
• i) High specific heat-can absorb large amount of heat.
• ii) High thermal conductivity-distribute heat.
• iii) High heat of evaporation-heat loss.
