CIPP 7 UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A PLUS
CIPP/E Exam Questions and Answers | Full Detailed
Answers with Rationales | Grade A+ 2026/2027
Question:
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 1950, Art. 8
Answer:
i. International treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms. ii. Protects wide scope of
fundamental rights and freedoms
Question:
Council of Europe (CoE)
Answer:
i. Formed after WWII to unite Europe and promote rule of law, democracy, human rights and social
development.
Question:
Treaty of Rome (1957)
Answer:
i. established European Economic Area (EEA) ii. Adopted ECHR in 1950 a) International
obligations b) All CoE member states have now incorporated or given effect to ECHR in their
national law iii. EEA is all EU member states plus Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway
Question:
Convention 108 (1981)
Answer:
i. Convention for the protection of individuals w/ regard to automatic processing of personal data a)
Applies to all data processing carried out by both private/public sector b) Protects individual from
abuse c) Regulates trans-border data flow d) Includes FIPPs e) Outlaws processing of sensitive data
,without proper legal safeguards f) Data subject rights ii. The only legally binding international
instrument in the data protection field. iii. Ratified by ALL EU Member States
Question:
Treaty of Maastricht (1992)
Answer:
i. Established the EU
Question:
EU Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC) (1995)
Answer:
i. Aimed to further reconcile the individual data protection rights with free flow of data between
member states. ii. Will be replaced by GDPR, May 28, 2018
Question:
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000)
Answer:
i. Incorporated human rights protections (the original treaties of the European Communities did not
contain any reference to human rights or their protection) ii. Became legally binding as EU primary
law (Art 6(1) of TEU) when the Lisbon Treaty came into force in 2009. iii. respect for private and
family life (Art. 7) iv. right to data protection (Art. 8)
Question:
Treaty on European Union (TEU) (2007)
Answer:
i. Forms the basis of EU law
Question:
,Lisbon Treaty (2009)
Answer:
i. Aimed to strengthen and improve the core structures of the EU to enable it to function more
efficiently. ii. Amended the two core EU treaties: a) Treaty on European Union (TEU) b) Treaty
Establishing the European Community (renamed Treaty on the Functioning of the European union,
or TFEU) iii. Promoted Charter of Fundamental Rights and requires countries wishing to join the
EU to respect its core values-this was not previously required.
Question:
What 7 EU institutions established by Lisbon Treaty?
Answer:
d. Establishes 7 EU institutions i. European Parliament (> 700 members) - Legislative ii. European
Council (28 heads of member states) iii. Council of the EU (groups of 28 ministers by theme) =
Legislative iv. European Commission (28 commissioners and 23,000 civil servants) v. The Court of
Justice of the EU (CJEU) vi. European Central Bank vii. Court of Auditors
Question:
Council of Europe (1949)
Answer:
a. International organization (distinct from EU) focused on protecting human rights, democracy, rule
of law in Europe and promoting European culture. b. 47 member states c. No country has ever
joined the EU w/o first belonging to the Council of Europe.
Question:
European Court of Human Rights (ECHR)
Answer:
a. A body of the Council of Europe. b. Enforces the European Convention on Human Rights
(ECHR).
Question:
, European Parliament
Answer:
a. Directly elected parliament of EU. b. Together w/ Council of European Union and the European
Commission, makes up legislative branch of EU. c. 751 members
Question:
European Commission
Answer:
a. Proposes legislation b. Implements decisions c. Upholds EU treaties d. Enforces EU law w/CJEU
e. Represents EU internationally f. Manages day-to-day EU business g. 28 members
(commissioners)
Question:
European Council
Answer:
a. Defines EU's overall political direction and priorities b. Comprises the heads of state/government
of member states c. Includes President of European Council d. Includes President of European
Commission
Question:
European Court of Justice (ECJ)
Answer:
a. Part of CJEU b. Highest court in EU c. 1 judge per member state (28) i. Normally hears cases in
panels of 3, 5 or 15 judges d. Interprets EU law and ensures equal application across all EU member
states
Question:
Council of the European Union ("the Council")
Answer:
CIPP/E Exam Questions and Answers | Full Detailed
Answers with Rationales | Grade A+ 2026/2027
Question:
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 1950, Art. 8
Answer:
i. International treaty to protect human rights and fundamental freedoms. ii. Protects wide scope of
fundamental rights and freedoms
Question:
Council of Europe (CoE)
Answer:
i. Formed after WWII to unite Europe and promote rule of law, democracy, human rights and social
development.
Question:
Treaty of Rome (1957)
Answer:
i. established European Economic Area (EEA) ii. Adopted ECHR in 1950 a) International
obligations b) All CoE member states have now incorporated or given effect to ECHR in their
national law iii. EEA is all EU member states plus Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway
Question:
Convention 108 (1981)
Answer:
i. Convention for the protection of individuals w/ regard to automatic processing of personal data a)
Applies to all data processing carried out by both private/public sector b) Protects individual from
abuse c) Regulates trans-border data flow d) Includes FIPPs e) Outlaws processing of sensitive data
,without proper legal safeguards f) Data subject rights ii. The only legally binding international
instrument in the data protection field. iii. Ratified by ALL EU Member States
Question:
Treaty of Maastricht (1992)
Answer:
i. Established the EU
Question:
EU Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC) (1995)
Answer:
i. Aimed to further reconcile the individual data protection rights with free flow of data between
member states. ii. Will be replaced by GDPR, May 28, 2018
Question:
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2000)
Answer:
i. Incorporated human rights protections (the original treaties of the European Communities did not
contain any reference to human rights or their protection) ii. Became legally binding as EU primary
law (Art 6(1) of TEU) when the Lisbon Treaty came into force in 2009. iii. respect for private and
family life (Art. 7) iv. right to data protection (Art. 8)
Question:
Treaty on European Union (TEU) (2007)
Answer:
i. Forms the basis of EU law
Question:
,Lisbon Treaty (2009)
Answer:
i. Aimed to strengthen and improve the core structures of the EU to enable it to function more
efficiently. ii. Amended the two core EU treaties: a) Treaty on European Union (TEU) b) Treaty
Establishing the European Community (renamed Treaty on the Functioning of the European union,
or TFEU) iii. Promoted Charter of Fundamental Rights and requires countries wishing to join the
EU to respect its core values-this was not previously required.
Question:
What 7 EU institutions established by Lisbon Treaty?
Answer:
d. Establishes 7 EU institutions i. European Parliament (> 700 members) - Legislative ii. European
Council (28 heads of member states) iii. Council of the EU (groups of 28 ministers by theme) =
Legislative iv. European Commission (28 commissioners and 23,000 civil servants) v. The Court of
Justice of the EU (CJEU) vi. European Central Bank vii. Court of Auditors
Question:
Council of Europe (1949)
Answer:
a. International organization (distinct from EU) focused on protecting human rights, democracy, rule
of law in Europe and promoting European culture. b. 47 member states c. No country has ever
joined the EU w/o first belonging to the Council of Europe.
Question:
European Court of Human Rights (ECHR)
Answer:
a. A body of the Council of Europe. b. Enforces the European Convention on Human Rights
(ECHR).
Question:
, European Parliament
Answer:
a. Directly elected parliament of EU. b. Together w/ Council of European Union and the European
Commission, makes up legislative branch of EU. c. 751 members
Question:
European Commission
Answer:
a. Proposes legislation b. Implements decisions c. Upholds EU treaties d. Enforces EU law w/CJEU
e. Represents EU internationally f. Manages day-to-day EU business g. 28 members
(commissioners)
Question:
European Council
Answer:
a. Defines EU's overall political direction and priorities b. Comprises the heads of state/government
of member states c. Includes President of European Council d. Includes President of European
Commission
Question:
European Court of Justice (ECJ)
Answer:
a. Part of CJEU b. Highest court in EU c. 1 judge per member state (28) i. Normally hears cases in
panels of 3, 5 or 15 judges d. Interprets EU law and ensures equal application across all EU member
states
Question:
Council of the European Union ("the Council")
Answer:
