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Samenvatting Biomedische Wetenschappen HBO UITGEBREID 2026 + 25 Oefenvragen - Celbiologie Genetica DNA CRISPR Immunologie Farmacologie ADME Microbiologie MRSA Onderzoek RCT PCR

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Samenvatting van 12 pagina's voor het vak Biomedische Wetenschappen HBO aan de Biomedische Wetenschappen HBO

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Samenvatting Biomedische
Wetenschappen — HBO 2026

UITGEBREIDE EDITIE — Celbiologie,
Genetica, Immunologie, Farmacologie,
Microbiologie, Onderzoek + 25 Oefenvragen


Complete Examenvoorbereiding — Premium Editie


Versie: 2026 — UITGEBREIDE PREMIUM EDITIE
Geschikt voor: HBO Biomedische Wetenschappen, Biologie, Life
Sciences, Verpleegkunde
Inhoud: Celbiologie + genetica + immunologie + farmacologie +
microbiologie + onderzoek + 25 oefenvragen
Omvang: 30+ pagina's


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DEEL 1: CELBIOLOGIE


1.1 Celstructuur

Eukaryote cel (plant + dier):

, → Celkern (nucleus): DNA (chromosomen!)
→ Celmembraan: fosfolipide-dubbellaag (selectief doorlaat
→ Cytoplasma: vloeistof + organellen
→ Mitochondriën: energiecentrale (ATP-productie!)
→ "Powerhouse of the cell"
→ Oxidatieve fosforylering: 36 ATP per glucose!
→ ER (Endoplasmatisch Reticulum):
Ruw ER: ribosomen → eiwitproductie!
Glad ER: lipidenproductie + detox!
→ Golgi-apparaat: eiwitten VERPAKKEN + SORTEREN
→ Lysosomen: afbraak (verterings-enzymen!)
→ Ribosomen: eiwitsynthese (mRNA → eiwit!)
→ Cytoskelet: structuur + transport (actine, tubuline!)

Celcyclus:
→ G1: groei (cel wordt groter!)
→ S: DNA-replicatie (verdubbeling!)
→ G2: voorbereiding mitose
→ M: mitose (celdeling!)

→ Checkpoints: controle → mag de cel door?
→ p53: "guardian of the genome" → stopt celdeling bij DNA
→ Apoptose: geprogrammeerde celdood (bescherming!)
→ Kanker: ongecontroleerde celdeling (checkpoints FALEN!)



1.2 Celtransport en Signalering

Membraantransport:
Passief (geen energie):
→ Diffusie: van HOOG → LAAG concentratie
→ Osmose: water door semipermeabel membraan
→ Gefaciliteerde diffusie: via kanaal/transporteiwit

Actief (WEL energie = ATP!):
→ Na⁺/K⁺-pomp: 3 Na⁺ uit, 2 K⁺ in (zenuwimpuls!)
→ Endocytose: cel SLIKT materiaal in (fagocytose!)
→ Exocytose: cel STOOT materiaal uit (secretie!)

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