CHEM134 A001 Winter 2026
Digital Standardization of a Solution - APUS
Final Report
Student Name Emily Weaver
Student ID 399861
Lesson Digital Standardization of a Solution - APUS
Institution American Public University
Session 793351
Course CHEM134 A001 Winter 2026
Instructor Jonathan Adams
Test Your Knowledge
Determine whether the statements regarding primary standards are true or
false.
True False
1 2
Primary standards should not absorb Primary standards should be
water from the atmosphere. hygroscopic.
Primary standards must be pure. Primary standards should have a low
molar mass.
Primary standards should be highly
reactive.
Exploration
Hygroscopic substances do not make good primary standards because they
absorb water from the environment.
True
False
Copyright 2026 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com
, The equivalence point is the point during a titration at which the titrant has
reacted with half of the unknown solution.
True
False
Exercise 1
Do you think the results would have been more accurate if a different type
of acid or base were used in the standardization? Why or why not?
I do think there could be a possibly more accurate acid or base for this standardization if
it was more pure, had better stability, was less hygroscopic or had a higher molecular
mass then the acid or base being originally used. Any acid or base that has these traits
better then KHP would then be more accurate. I do not know of this acid or base myself,
but I do not know all so I allow the possibility it is out there.
Word Limit
There are many different primary standards that could be used in a
standardization titration. What are the criteria for a primary standard?
A primary standard must be pure, non-hygroscopic and a high stability so low reactivity.
You want a high molar mass and the known stoichiometric composition. It should also
dissolve readily and it's nice if it's inexpensive.
Word Limit
Why is it so important that the primary standard chemical be non-
hygroscopic and pure? Why is it important to dry the primary standard to a
constant weight?
It is important that the primary standard chemical be non-hygroscopic and pure because
this ensures the accuracy in the concentration of the pure standard. Impurities would
mean extra weigh that is not from the chemical itself. as well as during the reaction they
may get in the way and affect it's rate and thus lead to incorrect results during titration.
Pure substances are also more stable and thus do not react with the atmosphere. It is
important to dry the primary standard to a constant weight because it ensures that you
weight solely the reagent. Extra H2O molecules will create weighing errors as it is not
the chemical just being weighed but also extra H2O atoms.
Word Limit
Copyright 2026 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com
Digital Standardization of a Solution - APUS
Final Report
Student Name Emily Weaver
Student ID 399861
Lesson Digital Standardization of a Solution - APUS
Institution American Public University
Session 793351
Course CHEM134 A001 Winter 2026
Instructor Jonathan Adams
Test Your Knowledge
Determine whether the statements regarding primary standards are true or
false.
True False
1 2
Primary standards should not absorb Primary standards should be
water from the atmosphere. hygroscopic.
Primary standards must be pure. Primary standards should have a low
molar mass.
Primary standards should be highly
reactive.
Exploration
Hygroscopic substances do not make good primary standards because they
absorb water from the environment.
True
False
Copyright 2026 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com
, The equivalence point is the point during a titration at which the titrant has
reacted with half of the unknown solution.
True
False
Exercise 1
Do you think the results would have been more accurate if a different type
of acid or base were used in the standardization? Why or why not?
I do think there could be a possibly more accurate acid or base for this standardization if
it was more pure, had better stability, was less hygroscopic or had a higher molecular
mass then the acid or base being originally used. Any acid or base that has these traits
better then KHP would then be more accurate. I do not know of this acid or base myself,
but I do not know all so I allow the possibility it is out there.
Word Limit
There are many different primary standards that could be used in a
standardization titration. What are the criteria for a primary standard?
A primary standard must be pure, non-hygroscopic and a high stability so low reactivity.
You want a high molar mass and the known stoichiometric composition. It should also
dissolve readily and it's nice if it's inexpensive.
Word Limit
Why is it so important that the primary standard chemical be non-
hygroscopic and pure? Why is it important to dry the primary standard to a
constant weight?
It is important that the primary standard chemical be non-hygroscopic and pure because
this ensures the accuracy in the concentration of the pure standard. Impurities would
mean extra weigh that is not from the chemical itself. as well as during the reaction they
may get in the way and affect it's rate and thus lead to incorrect results during titration.
Pure substances are also more stable and thus do not react with the atmosphere. It is
important to dry the primary standard to a constant weight because it ensures that you
weight solely the reagent. Extra H2O molecules will create weighing errors as it is not
the chemical just being weighed but also extra H2O atoms.
Word Limit
Copyright 2026 - Science Interactive | https://scienceinteractive.com
