UTMB 5355 EXAM 2 Advanced Pathophysiology basic
latest updated questions and answers solution
SECTION A: INFLAMMATION & IMMUNOLOGY
Question 1
The effects of vasodilation during an inflammatory response cause which of the
following?
A. Increased blood viscosity
B. Slower blood viscosity
C. Decreased blood flow to the injured site
D. Vasoconstriction of surrounding vessels
Answer: B. Slower blood viscosity
Rationale: Vasodilation during inflammation slows blood viscosity, allowing
leukocytes to marginate (move to the vessel walls) and exit the circulation to reach
the site of injury. This also causes redness and heat at the inflammatory site .
Question 2
Which of the following is a role of histamine when released by mast cells?
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Decreased vascular permeability
C. Increased vascular permeability
D. Bronchodilation
Answer: C. Increased vascular permeability
Rationale: Histamine released by mast cells increases vascular permeability,
allowing fluid and immune cells to leak from blood vessels into tissues. This
contributes to edema (swelling) at the inflammatory site. Histamine also causes
bronchoconstriction and vasodilation, not bronchodilation .
,Question 3
Which of the following results when histamine attaches to the H1 receptor?
A. Bronchodilation and decreased chemotaxis
B. Smooth muscle contraction, increased chemotaxis, and stimulation of
prostaglandin synthesis
C. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
D. Vasoconstriction and decreased inflammatory response
Answer: B. Smooth muscle contraction, increased chemotaxis, and stimulation
of prostaglandin synthesis
Rationale: H1 receptor activation by histamine produces smooth muscle
contraction (bronchoconstriction), increased chemotaxis of inflammatory cells,
and stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis. H1 antagonists (antihistamines) block
these effects .
Question 4
Which chemical mediator is responsible for prolonged asthma symptoms such as
bronchoconstriction and inflammation?
A. Histamine
B. Prostaglandins
C. Leukotrienes
D. Bradykinin
Answer: C. Leukotrienes
Rationale: Leukotrienes are responsible for prolonged asthma symptoms including
bronchoconstriction and inflammation. They are active in the later stages of
inflammation and produce vascular effects such as smooth muscle contraction.
Leukotriene inhibitors are used for patients with persistent asthma .
, Question 5
Which of the following are active modulators of allergic reactions in the immune
system?
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Monocytes
D. Basophils
Answer: B. Eosinophils
Rationale: Eosinophils are active modulators of allergic reactions. They are active
in Type I hypersensitivity reactions and are primarily involved in defense against
parasitic infections. Eosinophil counts are often elevated in allergic conditions .
Question 6
What directs movement of cells along a chemical gradient, attracting eosinophils
and neutrophils to the site of inflammation?
A. Opsonization
B. Diapedesis
C. Chemotaxis
D. Phagocytosis
Answer: C. Chemotaxis
Rationale: Chemotaxis directs the movement of cells along a chemical gradient,
attracting leukocytes (including eosinophils and neutrophils) to the site of
inflammation. It is a key process in recruiting immune cells to areas of tissue injury
or infection .
Question 7
What are the functions of interferons?
latest updated questions and answers solution
SECTION A: INFLAMMATION & IMMUNOLOGY
Question 1
The effects of vasodilation during an inflammatory response cause which of the
following?
A. Increased blood viscosity
B. Slower blood viscosity
C. Decreased blood flow to the injured site
D. Vasoconstriction of surrounding vessels
Answer: B. Slower blood viscosity
Rationale: Vasodilation during inflammation slows blood viscosity, allowing
leukocytes to marginate (move to the vessel walls) and exit the circulation to reach
the site of injury. This also causes redness and heat at the inflammatory site .
Question 2
Which of the following is a role of histamine when released by mast cells?
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Decreased vascular permeability
C. Increased vascular permeability
D. Bronchodilation
Answer: C. Increased vascular permeability
Rationale: Histamine released by mast cells increases vascular permeability,
allowing fluid and immune cells to leak from blood vessels into tissues. This
contributes to edema (swelling) at the inflammatory site. Histamine also causes
bronchoconstriction and vasodilation, not bronchodilation .
,Question 3
Which of the following results when histamine attaches to the H1 receptor?
A. Bronchodilation and decreased chemotaxis
B. Smooth muscle contraction, increased chemotaxis, and stimulation of
prostaglandin synthesis
C. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
D. Vasoconstriction and decreased inflammatory response
Answer: B. Smooth muscle contraction, increased chemotaxis, and stimulation
of prostaglandin synthesis
Rationale: H1 receptor activation by histamine produces smooth muscle
contraction (bronchoconstriction), increased chemotaxis of inflammatory cells,
and stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis. H1 antagonists (antihistamines) block
these effects .
Question 4
Which chemical mediator is responsible for prolonged asthma symptoms such as
bronchoconstriction and inflammation?
A. Histamine
B. Prostaglandins
C. Leukotrienes
D. Bradykinin
Answer: C. Leukotrienes
Rationale: Leukotrienes are responsible for prolonged asthma symptoms including
bronchoconstriction and inflammation. They are active in the later stages of
inflammation and produce vascular effects such as smooth muscle contraction.
Leukotriene inhibitors are used for patients with persistent asthma .
, Question 5
Which of the following are active modulators of allergic reactions in the immune
system?
A. Neutrophils
B. Eosinophils
C. Monocytes
D. Basophils
Answer: B. Eosinophils
Rationale: Eosinophils are active modulators of allergic reactions. They are active
in Type I hypersensitivity reactions and are primarily involved in defense against
parasitic infections. Eosinophil counts are often elevated in allergic conditions .
Question 6
What directs movement of cells along a chemical gradient, attracting eosinophils
and neutrophils to the site of inflammation?
A. Opsonization
B. Diapedesis
C. Chemotaxis
D. Phagocytosis
Answer: C. Chemotaxis
Rationale: Chemotaxis directs the movement of cells along a chemical gradient,
attracting leukocytes (including eosinophils and neutrophils) to the site of
inflammation. It is a key process in recruiting immune cells to areas of tissue injury
or infection .
Question 7
What are the functions of interferons?
