Anatomy & Physiology for Speech, Language,
and Hearing
7th Edition
• Author(s)J. Anthony Seikel, David G.
Drumright, Daniel J. Hudock
TEST BANK
Chapter 11. Neuroanatomy
Overview
Sense, Sensor, and Stimulation
Divisions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems
Development Divisions
Anatomy of the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Neurons……..
,
,Question 1
Which of the following structures is part of the central nervous
system (CNS) rather than the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
A. Spinal cord
B. Vagus nerve (CN X)
C. Dorsal root ganglion
D. Sympathetic chain ganglion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while
the PNS includes all nerves and ganglia outside the brain and
spinal cord. A (Spinal cord) is part of the CNS and thus the
correct answer.
• Option A is correct: The spinal cord lies within the
vertebral canal and is the main CNS structure carrying
motor and sensory information. Damage to the spinal cord
(CNS) can affect motor control (e.g. respiration if high
cervical) and thus indirectly impact speech or swallowing
by disrupting neural signals.
• Option B is incorrect: The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) is a
peripheral nerve (PNS). Though it innervates laryngeal
muscles for voice and swallowing, it is outside the CNS, so
it is not the correct answer.
, • Option C is incorrect: A dorsal root ganglion is a cluster of
sensory neuron cell bodies in the PNS. It transmits sensory
information to the spinal cord but is not part of the CNS.
• Option D is incorrect: The sympathetic chain ganglia are
PNS structures of the autonomic system, not part of the
CNS.
Question 2
In the peripheral nervous system, which cell type produces the
myelin sheath around axons?
A. Oligodendrocyte
B. Astrocyte
C. Schwann cell
D. Microglial cell
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Myelin insulates axons to speed nerve impulse
conduction. In the PNS, Schwann cells generate myelin.
• Option C is correct: Schwann cells wrap around peripheral
axons forming the myelin sheath. For example, damage to
Schwann cells (PNS) slows conduction to muscles involved
in speech.
and Hearing
7th Edition
• Author(s)J. Anthony Seikel, David G.
Drumright, Daniel J. Hudock
TEST BANK
Chapter 11. Neuroanatomy
Overview
Sense, Sensor, and Stimulation
Divisions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems
Development Divisions
Anatomy of the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Neurons……..
,
,Question 1
Which of the following structures is part of the central nervous
system (CNS) rather than the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
A. Spinal cord
B. Vagus nerve (CN X)
C. Dorsal root ganglion
D. Sympathetic chain ganglion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while
the PNS includes all nerves and ganglia outside the brain and
spinal cord. A (Spinal cord) is part of the CNS and thus the
correct answer.
• Option A is correct: The spinal cord lies within the
vertebral canal and is the main CNS structure carrying
motor and sensory information. Damage to the spinal cord
(CNS) can affect motor control (e.g. respiration if high
cervical) and thus indirectly impact speech or swallowing
by disrupting neural signals.
• Option B is incorrect: The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) is a
peripheral nerve (PNS). Though it innervates laryngeal
muscles for voice and swallowing, it is outside the CNS, so
it is not the correct answer.
, • Option C is incorrect: A dorsal root ganglion is a cluster of
sensory neuron cell bodies in the PNS. It transmits sensory
information to the spinal cord but is not part of the CNS.
• Option D is incorrect: The sympathetic chain ganglia are
PNS structures of the autonomic system, not part of the
CNS.
Question 2
In the peripheral nervous system, which cell type produces the
myelin sheath around axons?
A. Oligodendrocyte
B. Astrocyte
C. Schwann cell
D. Microglial cell
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Myelin insulates axons to speed nerve impulse
conduction. In the PNS, Schwann cells generate myelin.
• Option C is correct: Schwann cells wrap around peripheral
axons forming the myelin sheath. For example, damage to
Schwann cells (PNS) slows conduction to muscles involved
in speech.
