BIO 322 Exam 4 V1 | BIO 322 Applied
Pathophysiology | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIO322 Exam 4) | Grand Canyon
University
1. A patient presents with a lack of insulin production due to autoimmune destruction of the
pancreatic beta cells. Which condition is the patient most likely experiencing?
A. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
B. Diabetes Insipidus
C. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
D. Metabolic Syndrome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin
due to the T-cell mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. This condition usually
develops in childhood or adolescence but can occur at any age. Without exogenous insulin,
patients are at high risk for developing diabetic ketoacidosis.
2. What is the primary pathophysiology behind the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Absolute insulin deficiency
B. Destruction of alpha cells in the pancreas
C. Insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency
,D. Excessive production of glucagon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus primarily involves insulin resistance where cells fail to
respond effectively to insulin. Over time, the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to
overcome this resistance, leading to hyperglycemia. This condition is strongly associated
with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic factors.
3. A patient is admitted with a blood glucose of 650 mg/dL, ketones in the urine, and an
arterial pH of 7.25. Which condition does this reflect?
A. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)
B. Hypoglycemic shock
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetic Ketoacidosis is characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis,
and the presence of ketone bodies. It occurs when a lack of insulin forces the body to burn
fat for fuel, producing acidic ketones as a byproduct. HHS typically features higher glucose
levels without the significant ketoacidosis seen here.
4. A client is suspected of having Cushing’s Syndrome. Which clinical manifestations should
the healthcare provider expect to find? (Select All That Apply)
A. Moon-shaped face
, B. Buffalo hump
C. Thin, easily bruised skin
D. Hypotension
E. Truncal obesity
F. Striae (purple stretch marks)
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E, F
Rationale: Cushing’s Syndrome is caused by excessive cortisol levels, which leads to
distinct physical changes. Characteristic findings include fat redistribution to the face
(moon face), upper back (buffalo hump), and trunk. Cortisol also causes protein
breakdown, leading to thin skin and purple striae, while also promoting hypertension
rather than hypotension.
5. Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of Grave’s Disease?
A. Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland
B. Deficiency in dietary iodine
C. Thyroid-stimulating antibodies that mimic TSH
D. Secondary hyperthyroidism from a pituitary tumor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Grave’s Disease is an autoimmune disorder where the body produces
antibodies known as thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI). These antibodies bind to
Pathophysiology | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (BIO322 Exam 4) | Grand Canyon
University
1. A patient presents with a lack of insulin production due to autoimmune destruction of the
pancreatic beta cells. Which condition is the patient most likely experiencing?
A. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
B. Diabetes Insipidus
C. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
D. Metabolic Syndrome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin
due to the T-cell mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. This condition usually
develops in childhood or adolescence but can occur at any age. Without exogenous insulin,
patients are at high risk for developing diabetic ketoacidosis.
2. What is the primary pathophysiology behind the development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Absolute insulin deficiency
B. Destruction of alpha cells in the pancreas
C. Insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency
,D. Excessive production of glucagon
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus primarily involves insulin resistance where cells fail to
respond effectively to insulin. Over time, the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin to
overcome this resistance, leading to hyperglycemia. This condition is strongly associated
with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic factors.
3. A patient is admitted with a blood glucose of 650 mg/dL, ketones in the urine, and an
arterial pH of 7.25. Which condition does this reflect?
A. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)
B. Hypoglycemic shock
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetic Ketoacidosis is characterized by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis,
and the presence of ketone bodies. It occurs when a lack of insulin forces the body to burn
fat for fuel, producing acidic ketones as a byproduct. HHS typically features higher glucose
levels without the significant ketoacidosis seen here.
4. A client is suspected of having Cushing’s Syndrome. Which clinical manifestations should
the healthcare provider expect to find? (Select All That Apply)
A. Moon-shaped face
, B. Buffalo hump
C. Thin, easily bruised skin
D. Hypotension
E. Truncal obesity
F. Striae (purple stretch marks)
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E, F
Rationale: Cushing’s Syndrome is caused by excessive cortisol levels, which leads to
distinct physical changes. Characteristic findings include fat redistribution to the face
(moon face), upper back (buffalo hump), and trunk. Cortisol also causes protein
breakdown, leading to thin skin and purple striae, while also promoting hypertension
rather than hypotension.
5. Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of Grave’s Disease?
A. Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland
B. Deficiency in dietary iodine
C. Thyroid-stimulating antibodies that mimic TSH
D. Secondary hyperthyroidism from a pituitary tumor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Grave’s Disease is an autoimmune disorder where the body produces
antibodies known as thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI). These antibodies bind to
