HESI EVOLVE FUNDAMENTALS EXAM
2025-2026 SUMMER/FALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIOANLES
The nurse is instructing a client with cholecystitis regarding diet choices. Which
meal best meets the dietary needs of this client?
A. Steak, baked beans, and a salad
B. Broiled fish, green beans, and an apple
C. Pork chops, macaroni and cheese, and grapes
D. Avocado salad, milk, and angel food cake
Answer: B
Clients with cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) should follow a low-fat
diet, such as (B). (A) is a high-protein diet and (C and D) contain high-fat foods,
which are contraindicated for this client.
When bathing an uncircumcised boy older than 3 years, which action should the
nurse take?
A. Remind the child to clean his genital area.
B. Defer perineal care because of the child's age.
C. Retract the foreskin gently to cleanse the penis.
D. Ask the parents why the child is not circumcised.
Answer: C
The foreskin (prepuce) of the penis should be gently retracted to cleanse all areas
that could harbor bacteria (C). The child's cognitive development may not be at the
level at which (A) would be effective. Perineal care needs to be provided daily
,regardless of the client's age (B). (D) is not indicated and may be perceived as
intrusive.
The nurse who is preparing to give an adolescent client a prescribed antipsychotic
medication notes that parental consent has not been obtained. Which action should
the nurse take?
A. Review the chart for a signed consent for hospitalization.
B. Get the health care provider's permission to give the medication.
C. Do not give the medication and document the reason.
D. Complete an incident report and notify the parents.
Answer: C
The nurse should not give the medication and should document the reason (C)
because the client is a minor and needs a guardian's permission to receive
medications. Permission to give medications is not granted by a signed hospital
consent (A) or a health care provider's permission (B), unless conditions are met to
justify coerced treatment. (D) is not necessary unless the medication had
previously been administered.
A nurse is working in an occupational health clinic when an employee walks in
and states that he was struck by lightning while working in a truck bed. The client
is alert but reports feeling faint. Which assessment will the nurse perform first?
A. Pulse characteristics
B. Open airway
C. Entrance and exit wounds
D. Cervical spine injury
Answer: A
,Lightning is a jolt of electrical current and can produce a "natural" defibrillation, so
assessment of the pulse rate and regularity (A) is a priority. Because the client is
talking, he has an open airway (B), so that assessment is not necessary. Assessing
for (C and D) should occur after assessing for adequate circulation.
The mental health nurse plans to discuss a client's depression with the health care
provider in the emergency department. There are two clients sitting across from the
emergency department desk. Which nursing action is best?
A.Only refer to the client by gender.
B.Identify the client only by age.
C.Avoid using the client's name.
D.Discuss the client another time.
Answer: D
The best nursing action is to discuss the client another time (D). Confidentiality
must be observed at all times, so the nurse should not discuss the client when the
conversation can be overheard by others. Details can identify the client when
referring to the client by gender (A) or age (B), and even when not using the
client's name (C).
The nurse is assessing several clients prior to surgery. Which factor in a client's
history poses the greatest threat for complications to occur during surgery?
A. Taking birth control pills for the past 2 years
B. Taking anticoagulants for the past year
C. Recently completing antibiotic therapy
D. Having taken laxatives PRN for the last 6 months
Answer: B
, Anticoagulants (B) increase the risk for bleeding during surgery, which can pose a
threat for the development of surgical complications. The health care provider
should be informed that the client is taking these drugs. Although clients who take
birth control pills (A) may be more susceptible to the development of thrombi,
such problems usually occur postoperatively. A client with (C or D) is at less of a
surgical risk than (B).
When assisting a client from the bed to a chair, which procedure is best for the
nurse to follow?
A. Place the chair parallel to the bed, with its back toward the head of the bed and
assist the client in moving to the chair.
B. With the nurse's feet spread apart and knees aligned with the client's knees,
stand and pivot the client into the chair.
C. Assist the client to a standing position by gently lifting upward, underneath the
axillae.
D. Stand beside the client, place the client's arms around the nurse's neck, and
gently move the client to the chair.
Answer: B
(B) describes the correct positioning of the nurse and affords the nurse a wide base
of support while stabilizing the client's knees when assisting to a standing position.
The chair should be placed at a 45-degree angle to the bed, with the back of the
chair toward the head of the bed (A). Clients should never be lifted under the
axillae (C); this could damage nerves and strain the nurse's back. The client should
be instructed to use the arms of the chair and should never place his or her arms
around the nurse's neck (D); this places undue stress on the nurse's neck and back
and increases the risk for a fall.
2025-2026 SUMMER/FALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH RATIOANLES
The nurse is instructing a client with cholecystitis regarding diet choices. Which
meal best meets the dietary needs of this client?
A. Steak, baked beans, and a salad
B. Broiled fish, green beans, and an apple
C. Pork chops, macaroni and cheese, and grapes
D. Avocado salad, milk, and angel food cake
Answer: B
Clients with cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) should follow a low-fat
diet, such as (B). (A) is a high-protein diet and (C and D) contain high-fat foods,
which are contraindicated for this client.
When bathing an uncircumcised boy older than 3 years, which action should the
nurse take?
A. Remind the child to clean his genital area.
B. Defer perineal care because of the child's age.
C. Retract the foreskin gently to cleanse the penis.
D. Ask the parents why the child is not circumcised.
Answer: C
The foreskin (prepuce) of the penis should be gently retracted to cleanse all areas
that could harbor bacteria (C). The child's cognitive development may not be at the
level at which (A) would be effective. Perineal care needs to be provided daily
,regardless of the client's age (B). (D) is not indicated and may be perceived as
intrusive.
The nurse who is preparing to give an adolescent client a prescribed antipsychotic
medication notes that parental consent has not been obtained. Which action should
the nurse take?
A. Review the chart for a signed consent for hospitalization.
B. Get the health care provider's permission to give the medication.
C. Do not give the medication and document the reason.
D. Complete an incident report and notify the parents.
Answer: C
The nurse should not give the medication and should document the reason (C)
because the client is a minor and needs a guardian's permission to receive
medications. Permission to give medications is not granted by a signed hospital
consent (A) or a health care provider's permission (B), unless conditions are met to
justify coerced treatment. (D) is not necessary unless the medication had
previously been administered.
A nurse is working in an occupational health clinic when an employee walks in
and states that he was struck by lightning while working in a truck bed. The client
is alert but reports feeling faint. Which assessment will the nurse perform first?
A. Pulse characteristics
B. Open airway
C. Entrance and exit wounds
D. Cervical spine injury
Answer: A
,Lightning is a jolt of electrical current and can produce a "natural" defibrillation, so
assessment of the pulse rate and regularity (A) is a priority. Because the client is
talking, he has an open airway (B), so that assessment is not necessary. Assessing
for (C and D) should occur after assessing for adequate circulation.
The mental health nurse plans to discuss a client's depression with the health care
provider in the emergency department. There are two clients sitting across from the
emergency department desk. Which nursing action is best?
A.Only refer to the client by gender.
B.Identify the client only by age.
C.Avoid using the client's name.
D.Discuss the client another time.
Answer: D
The best nursing action is to discuss the client another time (D). Confidentiality
must be observed at all times, so the nurse should not discuss the client when the
conversation can be overheard by others. Details can identify the client when
referring to the client by gender (A) or age (B), and even when not using the
client's name (C).
The nurse is assessing several clients prior to surgery. Which factor in a client's
history poses the greatest threat for complications to occur during surgery?
A. Taking birth control pills for the past 2 years
B. Taking anticoagulants for the past year
C. Recently completing antibiotic therapy
D. Having taken laxatives PRN for the last 6 months
Answer: B
, Anticoagulants (B) increase the risk for bleeding during surgery, which can pose a
threat for the development of surgical complications. The health care provider
should be informed that the client is taking these drugs. Although clients who take
birth control pills (A) may be more susceptible to the development of thrombi,
such problems usually occur postoperatively. A client with (C or D) is at less of a
surgical risk than (B).
When assisting a client from the bed to a chair, which procedure is best for the
nurse to follow?
A. Place the chair parallel to the bed, with its back toward the head of the bed and
assist the client in moving to the chair.
B. With the nurse's feet spread apart and knees aligned with the client's knees,
stand and pivot the client into the chair.
C. Assist the client to a standing position by gently lifting upward, underneath the
axillae.
D. Stand beside the client, place the client's arms around the nurse's neck, and
gently move the client to the chair.
Answer: B
(B) describes the correct positioning of the nurse and affords the nurse a wide base
of support while stabilizing the client's knees when assisting to a standing position.
The chair should be placed at a 45-degree angle to the bed, with the back of the
chair toward the head of the bed (A). Clients should never be lifted under the
axillae (C); this could damage nerves and strain the nurse's back. The client should
be instructed to use the arms of the chair and should never place his or her arms
around the nurse's neck (D); this places undue stress on the nurse's neck and back
and increases the risk for a fall.
