EDWARD VI, MARY I & ELIZABETH I RELIGION
MARY TUDOR- RELIGION
Restore Papal Supremacy (PARLIAMENT)
• OCTOBER 1553 (Edwardian reforms repealed, Henrician pre-
reformation order of service restored, Revoked BCP’s, 42 Articles,
Attacked clergy BUT STILL ROYAL SUPREMACY)
• JANUARY 1555 (Abolish all anti-papal legislation and 1534 Act of
Supremacy, Revoked Medieval heresy laws BUT REFUSED TO RE-
ENACT 6 ARTICLES OR PUNISH RECUSANTS, MAJORITY
VOTED AGAINST)
ISSUE
• Relying on parliamentary legislation to overturn royal supremacy
conflicted her belief that divine law was superior to canon law
(conflictions in her theology right from the start)
• Lay lords refused the restoration of monasteries and chantries in 2 nd
Parliament
Persecution to eliminate heresy
• Only 2 in Edwards accounts
• Castro and Pole agreed, Gardiner became wary before his death in
November 1555, and Renard warned Phillip (authorities try to keep
students and apprentices away) – EVEN HAD INTERNAL
OPPOSITION
• October 1555 Hooper, Latimer burned, March 1556 Cranmer
• 280 victims
• 21 clergymen
• 8 gentry victims
• LOCATION- Most In Southeast England, ¾ Martyrs in Southeast and
East Anglia yet none on Durham
• MAJORITY WERE OF HUMBLE STATUS SHOWING GENUINE
THEOLOGICAL BELIEFS
• BUT CAPITAL PUNISHMENT WAS USUAL? 700 TO DEATH AFTER
1569 NORFOLK REBELLION
, • 166 gentlefolk, 67 Protestant clerics, 2 nobles flee to Germany and
Switzerland
FAILURE
• London Inns and Congregations (200+) reaching Kent and Essex
continued, many of these served on Elizabeths first Bishop Bench e.g.
BENTHAM AND SCRAMBLER
• OPEN PREACHERS e.g. GOERGE EAGLES CONTINUED
RESTORING CATHOLICISM
BISHOPS AND CLERGY
• 7 protestant bishops sacked, deprived of livings
• Catholic Gardiner and Tunstall restored to their sees
• ¼ Clergy deprived of livings MOSTLY in the South
• 150 deprivations in London, only 10% in North
• 1555 Legatine Synod to restore Catholic doctrine after two decades of
turmoil (restore doctrine and rebuild clergy)
• Designed the “Reformatio Angliae” summarised in 12 decrees (Regular
Bishop visitations, parish education and training, against residence and
pluralism BUT relied on commitment to Parish level in North and South
and limited effect in timing)
• DOCTRINE- New Catholic Testament (New book homilies) and
Catchetism to counteract Protestant bible BUT ONLY LIMITED TIME
SUCCESS-
• Restoring catholic features e.g. alters, images and vestments e.g. a Village
in Devon BUT FAILURE- Canterbury Injunctions in 1557 showed
dilapidation of Parish churches and destroy Catholic worship
• Pole lost legatine in April 1557 replaced by William Peto
CENSORSHIP AND WRITING
• ROMAN COUNTER REFORMATION
• JUNE 1555 Decree against seditious, blasphemous books to limit
reformist books being sold (forbade preaching without a license)
• 1557 Royal Charter to Stationers Register (monopoly on printing)
• CATHOLIC WRITERS- Huggard “The Assault on the Sacrament of the
Alter” defending transubstantiation, Watson “Bishop of Lincoln” 1558
“Catholic Doctrine concerning the Seven Sacraments”
BUT LIMITED USE
, • Government didn’t use Sunday sermons and Catholic publications as
Catholic propaganda (only used once by Gardiner) and failed to inspire
intellectuals, Pole encouraged printing church service books instead
PROPAGANDA CONTINUED PUBLISHING
• 19,000 copies of outlawed 1552 Prayer Book still roaming
• Ridley and Latimer wrote whilst imprisoned (roughly 2 years)
encouraging mass non-attendance and protestant rites
• POLITICAL WRITINGS introducing active disobedience to monarch
• 1556 GOODMAN (former Bishop of Winchester)- People given authority
to rise against a tyrannical monarch
• 1556 PONET (close friend of Knox)- Criticised absolutist nature of royal
authority
MARY TUDOR- RELIGION
Restore Papal Supremacy (PARLIAMENT)
• OCTOBER 1553 (Edwardian reforms repealed, Henrician pre-
reformation order of service restored, Revoked BCP’s, 42 Articles,
Attacked clergy BUT STILL ROYAL SUPREMACY)
• JANUARY 1555 (Abolish all anti-papal legislation and 1534 Act of
Supremacy, Revoked Medieval heresy laws BUT REFUSED TO RE-
ENACT 6 ARTICLES OR PUNISH RECUSANTS, MAJORITY
VOTED AGAINST)
ISSUE
• Relying on parliamentary legislation to overturn royal supremacy
conflicted her belief that divine law was superior to canon law
(conflictions in her theology right from the start)
• Lay lords refused the restoration of monasteries and chantries in 2 nd
Parliament
Persecution to eliminate heresy
• Only 2 in Edwards accounts
• Castro and Pole agreed, Gardiner became wary before his death in
November 1555, and Renard warned Phillip (authorities try to keep
students and apprentices away) – EVEN HAD INTERNAL
OPPOSITION
• October 1555 Hooper, Latimer burned, March 1556 Cranmer
• 280 victims
• 21 clergymen
• 8 gentry victims
• LOCATION- Most In Southeast England, ¾ Martyrs in Southeast and
East Anglia yet none on Durham
• MAJORITY WERE OF HUMBLE STATUS SHOWING GENUINE
THEOLOGICAL BELIEFS
• BUT CAPITAL PUNISHMENT WAS USUAL? 700 TO DEATH AFTER
1569 NORFOLK REBELLION
, • 166 gentlefolk, 67 Protestant clerics, 2 nobles flee to Germany and
Switzerland
FAILURE
• London Inns and Congregations (200+) reaching Kent and Essex
continued, many of these served on Elizabeths first Bishop Bench e.g.
BENTHAM AND SCRAMBLER
• OPEN PREACHERS e.g. GOERGE EAGLES CONTINUED
RESTORING CATHOLICISM
BISHOPS AND CLERGY
• 7 protestant bishops sacked, deprived of livings
• Catholic Gardiner and Tunstall restored to their sees
• ¼ Clergy deprived of livings MOSTLY in the South
• 150 deprivations in London, only 10% in North
• 1555 Legatine Synod to restore Catholic doctrine after two decades of
turmoil (restore doctrine and rebuild clergy)
• Designed the “Reformatio Angliae” summarised in 12 decrees (Regular
Bishop visitations, parish education and training, against residence and
pluralism BUT relied on commitment to Parish level in North and South
and limited effect in timing)
• DOCTRINE- New Catholic Testament (New book homilies) and
Catchetism to counteract Protestant bible BUT ONLY LIMITED TIME
SUCCESS-
• Restoring catholic features e.g. alters, images and vestments e.g. a Village
in Devon BUT FAILURE- Canterbury Injunctions in 1557 showed
dilapidation of Parish churches and destroy Catholic worship
• Pole lost legatine in April 1557 replaced by William Peto
CENSORSHIP AND WRITING
• ROMAN COUNTER REFORMATION
• JUNE 1555 Decree against seditious, blasphemous books to limit
reformist books being sold (forbade preaching without a license)
• 1557 Royal Charter to Stationers Register (monopoly on printing)
• CATHOLIC WRITERS- Huggard “The Assault on the Sacrament of the
Alter” defending transubstantiation, Watson “Bishop of Lincoln” 1558
“Catholic Doctrine concerning the Seven Sacraments”
BUT LIMITED USE
, • Government didn’t use Sunday sermons and Catholic publications as
Catholic propaganda (only used once by Gardiner) and failed to inspire
intellectuals, Pole encouraged printing church service books instead
PROPAGANDA CONTINUED PUBLISHING
• 19,000 copies of outlawed 1552 Prayer Book still roaming
• Ridley and Latimer wrote whilst imprisoned (roughly 2 years)
encouraging mass non-attendance and protestant rites
• POLITICAL WRITINGS introducing active disobedience to monarch
• 1556 GOODMAN (former Bishop of Winchester)- People given authority
to rise against a tyrannical monarch
• 1556 PONET (close friend of Knox)- Criticised absolutist nature of royal
authority
