NUR 117 EXAM 1 WITH
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+ (2026)
Define the word pharmacology - answer-Pharmacology is the study of the biological
effects of chemicals.
Differentiate between generic and brand-name drugs and OTC and prescription drugs -
answer-Generic drugs are the original designation that the drug was given when the
drug company applied for the approval process. OTC drugs are products that are
available without prescription for self-treatment of a variety of complaints (very safe
when used as directed and useful). Name-Brand drugs are drugs given a brand name by
the pharmaceutical company that developed it.
List at least 6 factors that can influence the actual effectiveness of drugs in the body -
answer-Weight, age, gender, physiological factors, pathological factors, genetic factors,
immunological factors, psychological factors, environmental factors, drug tolerance,
cumulative effect
Explain the meaning of half-life of a drug - answer-The half-life of a drug is the time it
takes the amount of a drug in the body to decrease to one half of the peak level it
previously achieved
List 4 types of allergic responses to drug therapy - answer-Anaphylactic reaction
(causes membrane swelling and constricting that leads to respiratory distress/arrest),
cytotoxic reaction (involves antibodies that circulate in the blood and cause cell death),
serum sickness reaction (Involves antibodies that circulate in the blood and cause
damage to various tissues by depositing in blood vessels), delayed allergic reaction
(involves antibodies that are bound to specific while blood cells)
Define the term adverse drug reaction and explain the clinical significance of this
reaction - answer-Any unexpected or dangerous reaction to a drug. An unwanted effect
caused by the administration of a drug.
, Clinically significant because it may be caused by side effects of the drug, the patients
sensitivity to the drug, the drugs actions on the body causing other responses, and the
patient taking too little or too much of the drug
Pharmacotherapeutics - answer-is pharmacology; chemicals that are used in medicine
for the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of disease in humans.
(Clinical Pharmacology)
Pharmacodynamics - answer-Is the science of dealing with interactions between living
organisms and foreign chemicals. (Drug action)
Pharmacokinetics - answer-How the body acts on the drugs
Dynamic Equilibrium - answer-The actual amount of drug that reaches the body results
for a dynamic equilibrium.
Preclinical trials - answer-Chemicals tested on laboratory animals
Phase I studies - answer-Chemicals tested on human volunteers
Phase II studies - answer-Drug tried on informed patients
Phase III studies - answer-Drug used in vast clinical market
Phase IV studies - answer-Continual evaluation of the drug
The Controlled Substance act of 1970 - answer-Control over the coding of drugs and
enforcement of these codes to the FDA and DEA. Prescription, distribution, storage and
use of drugs are closely monitored
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+ (2026)
Define the word pharmacology - answer-Pharmacology is the study of the biological
effects of chemicals.
Differentiate between generic and brand-name drugs and OTC and prescription drugs -
answer-Generic drugs are the original designation that the drug was given when the
drug company applied for the approval process. OTC drugs are products that are
available without prescription for self-treatment of a variety of complaints (very safe
when used as directed and useful). Name-Brand drugs are drugs given a brand name by
the pharmaceutical company that developed it.
List at least 6 factors that can influence the actual effectiveness of drugs in the body -
answer-Weight, age, gender, physiological factors, pathological factors, genetic factors,
immunological factors, psychological factors, environmental factors, drug tolerance,
cumulative effect
Explain the meaning of half-life of a drug - answer-The half-life of a drug is the time it
takes the amount of a drug in the body to decrease to one half of the peak level it
previously achieved
List 4 types of allergic responses to drug therapy - answer-Anaphylactic reaction
(causes membrane swelling and constricting that leads to respiratory distress/arrest),
cytotoxic reaction (involves antibodies that circulate in the blood and cause cell death),
serum sickness reaction (Involves antibodies that circulate in the blood and cause
damage to various tissues by depositing in blood vessels), delayed allergic reaction
(involves antibodies that are bound to specific while blood cells)
Define the term adverse drug reaction and explain the clinical significance of this
reaction - answer-Any unexpected or dangerous reaction to a drug. An unwanted effect
caused by the administration of a drug.
, Clinically significant because it may be caused by side effects of the drug, the patients
sensitivity to the drug, the drugs actions on the body causing other responses, and the
patient taking too little or too much of the drug
Pharmacotherapeutics - answer-is pharmacology; chemicals that are used in medicine
for the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of disease in humans.
(Clinical Pharmacology)
Pharmacodynamics - answer-Is the science of dealing with interactions between living
organisms and foreign chemicals. (Drug action)
Pharmacokinetics - answer-How the body acts on the drugs
Dynamic Equilibrium - answer-The actual amount of drug that reaches the body results
for a dynamic equilibrium.
Preclinical trials - answer-Chemicals tested on laboratory animals
Phase I studies - answer-Chemicals tested on human volunteers
Phase II studies - answer-Drug tried on informed patients
Phase III studies - answer-Drug used in vast clinical market
Phase IV studies - answer-Continual evaluation of the drug
The Controlled Substance act of 1970 - answer-Control over the coding of drugs and
enforcement of these codes to the FDA and DEA. Prescription, distribution, storage and
use of drugs are closely monitored
