NURS 6111 EXAM 1
1. Na normal lab value
*Answer√√ 135-145
2. K normal lab value
*Answer√√ 3.5-5.0
3. Mg normal lab value
*Answer√√ 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
4. Calcium normal lab value
*Answer√√ 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
5. Abnormal signs and symptoms of K
*Answer√√ excessive thirst, increased urination, muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular
heartbeat, constipation, abdominal cramping
6. Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg
*Answer√√ muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tingling,
mental symptoms, insomnia
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,7. Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by
*Answer√√ converting a strong acid or base to a weak one
8. Types of hypersensitivity reactions
*Answer√√ Type 1: Immunoglobulin IgE mediated reactions(allergic reaction), rapid time frame, ex
peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body attacks healthy RBC thinking they are
foreign, ex graves, hep induced thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall and cause tissue damage , ex is
rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and do not involve antibodies, ex contact
sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobacterial infection
9. Prematurity
*Answer√√ baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal age, multiple pregnancies, uterine or
cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions. Clinical findings of premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice,
feeding diflculties
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, 10. RDS (respiratory distress syndrome)
*Answer√√ babies born before 28 weeks, caused by lack of surfactant,
characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more prone
11. NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis)
*Answer√√ babies born before 32 weeks, caused by damage and inflam-mation to intestinal tissues,
characterized by bloody stools and distended abdomen. Risk factors: low birth weight, formula feedings
12. SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome)
*Answer√√ common between 1-4 months of age, most frequent
death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft surface, occurs in boys more often than girls
13. Prader-Willi Syndrome
*Answer√√ Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15 pair of chromosomes. Usually inherited from the
father. The leading genetic cause of obesity. The degree of mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range.
Students with Prader-Willi syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do not respond well to sudden changes in
their routine. It can also result in low muscle tone, short stature, incomplete sexual development,
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1. Na normal lab value
*Answer√√ 135-145
2. K normal lab value
*Answer√√ 3.5-5.0
3. Mg normal lab value
*Answer√√ 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
4. Calcium normal lab value
*Answer√√ 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
5. Abnormal signs and symptoms of K
*Answer√√ excessive thirst, increased urination, muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, irregular
heartbeat, constipation, abdominal cramping
6. Abnormal signs and symptoms of Mg
*Answer√√ muscle cramps, fatigue/weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, numbness/tingling,
mental symptoms, insomnia
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26
,7. Acid-base buffer systems minimize pH changes by
*Answer√√ converting a strong acid or base to a weak one
8. Types of hypersensitivity reactions
*Answer√√ Type 1: Immunoglobulin IgE mediated reactions(allergic reaction), rapid time frame, ex
peanut allergy
Type 2: tissue specific, activates complement cascade/phagocytosis, body attacks healthy RBC thinking they are
foreign, ex graves, hep induced thrombocytopenia
Type 3: immune complexes formed in circulation and deposited into cell wall and cause tissue damage , ex is
rayanuds
Type 4: delayed sensitivity, only type that is mediated by T lymphocytes and do not involve antibodies, ex contact
sensitivity to poison ivy, latex, mycobacterial infection
9. Prematurity
*Answer√√ baby born before 37 weeks gestation, causes: maternal age, multiple pregnancies, uterine or
cervical abnormalities, infections/chronic conditions. Clinical findings of premature babies: low birth weight, jaundice,
feeding diflculties
2/
26
, 10. RDS (respiratory distress syndrome)
*Answer√√ babies born before 28 weeks, caused by lack of surfactant,
characterized by shallow rapid breathing(grunting), males are more prone
11. NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis)
*Answer√√ babies born before 32 weeks, caused by damage and inflam-mation to intestinal tissues,
characterized by bloody stools and distended abdomen. Risk factors: low birth weight, formula feedings
12. SIDS(sudden infant death syndrome)
*Answer√√ common between 1-4 months of age, most frequent
death for child 2 weeks-1 year, can occur from sleeping on soft surface, occurs in boys more often than girls
13. Prader-Willi Syndrome
*Answer√√ Caused by a lack of genetic material in the 15 pair of chromosomes. Usually inherited from the
father. The leading genetic cause of obesity. The degree of mental retardation varies, but is usually in the mild range.
Students with Prader-Willi syndrome can be rigid and oppositional. They do not respond well to sudden changes in
their routine. It can also result in low muscle tone, short stature, incomplete sexual development,
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26
