NURS 3366- Pathophysiology Test 2 Questions With
Answers | Latest Update 2026-2027 | Graded A+
1. If a patient is experiencing a severe bacterial infection, which of the following
second line of defense mechanisms would likely be most active?
Inflammation and phagocytosis
Cell-mediated immunity
Antibody production
Complement activation
2. Describe the role of T lymphocytes in the immune response and how they
contribute to defending the body.
T lymphocytes (T cells) produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens.
T lymphocytes (T cells) play a crucial role in the immune response
by directly attacking and destroying invading microbes.
T lymphocytes (T cells) enhance the inflammatory response by
releasing histamines.
T lymphocytes (T cells) primarily function in the production of memory
cells.
3. What are the signs and symptoms of inflammation?
redness, heat, and pain
heat
redness
pain
redness and pain only
,4. In a scenario where a patient experiences an allergic reaction, which immune
response mechanism involving mast cells is likely occurring?
Phagocytosis of allergens by macrophages
Inhibition of the inflammatory response
Activation of T cells to produce antibodies
Degranulation releasing histamine
5. What is the immune response of a mast cell?
Degranulates and releases chemical mediators to the site of injury
Degranulates and releases histamine and prostaglandin to
vasoconstrict vessels at the site of injury
Is activated and releases chemical mediators to recognize foreign
bodies at the site of injury
Degranulates and Releases histamines as a response to inflammation
6. What does active acquired immunity involve in terms of antibody production?
The body has a pre-existing immunity from birth.
The body relies solely on physical barriers.
The body produces antibodies against a particular disease.
The body receives antibodies from another source.
7. Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?
Nausea
Heat
Swelling
, Redness
8. Describe the role of antibodies in the third line of defense of the immune
system.
Antibodies enhance the inflammatory response.
Antibodies produced by B lymphocytes specifically target and
neutralize pathogens.
Antibodies are produced by T lymphocytes to destroy infected cells.
Antibodies are responsible for phagocytosing pathogens.
9. Which proteins are considered acute phase reactants that increase during
inflammation?
Insulin and glucagon
Hemoglobin and myoglobin
Albumin and globulin
C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen
10. Which best describes sepsis?
Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host
response to infection.
Infection-related circulatory and cellular/metabolic abnormalities
profound enough to substantially increase mortality.
Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by immune response to
the host's cells.
Infection-related fever, tachycardia, elevated WBC.
, 11. Describe how mast cells contribute to the inflammatory response during an
injury.
Mast cells produce antibodies that neutralize toxins.
Mast cells inhibit the activity of other immune cells.
Mast cells release histamine and other mediators that increase
blood flow and attract immune cells to the site of injury.
Mast cells directly kill pathogens through phagocytosis.
12. Which of the following is a sign of systemic inflammation?
Increased appetite
Weight gain
Decreased heart rate
Fever
13. Describe the role of immunocytes in acquired (adaptive) immunity.
Immunocytes are involved in the specific response to pathogens,
allowing the body to resist certain diseases.
Immunocytes only function in innate immunity.
Immunocytes are responsible for the inflammatory response.
Immunocytes provide a physical barrier against pathogens.
14. A granuloma is a sign of
phagocytosis.
chronic inflammation.
acute inflammation.
Answers | Latest Update 2026-2027 | Graded A+
1. If a patient is experiencing a severe bacterial infection, which of the following
second line of defense mechanisms would likely be most active?
Inflammation and phagocytosis
Cell-mediated immunity
Antibody production
Complement activation
2. Describe the role of T lymphocytes in the immune response and how they
contribute to defending the body.
T lymphocytes (T cells) produce antibodies that neutralize pathogens.
T lymphocytes (T cells) play a crucial role in the immune response
by directly attacking and destroying invading microbes.
T lymphocytes (T cells) enhance the inflammatory response by
releasing histamines.
T lymphocytes (T cells) primarily function in the production of memory
cells.
3. What are the signs and symptoms of inflammation?
redness, heat, and pain
heat
redness
pain
redness and pain only
,4. In a scenario where a patient experiences an allergic reaction, which immune
response mechanism involving mast cells is likely occurring?
Phagocytosis of allergens by macrophages
Inhibition of the inflammatory response
Activation of T cells to produce antibodies
Degranulation releasing histamine
5. What is the immune response of a mast cell?
Degranulates and releases chemical mediators to the site of injury
Degranulates and releases histamine and prostaglandin to
vasoconstrict vessels at the site of injury
Is activated and releases chemical mediators to recognize foreign
bodies at the site of injury
Degranulates and Releases histamines as a response to inflammation
6. What does active acquired immunity involve in terms of antibody production?
The body has a pre-existing immunity from birth.
The body relies solely on physical barriers.
The body produces antibodies against a particular disease.
The body receives antibodies from another source.
7. Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?
Nausea
Heat
Swelling
, Redness
8. Describe the role of antibodies in the third line of defense of the immune
system.
Antibodies enhance the inflammatory response.
Antibodies produced by B lymphocytes specifically target and
neutralize pathogens.
Antibodies are produced by T lymphocytes to destroy infected cells.
Antibodies are responsible for phagocytosing pathogens.
9. Which proteins are considered acute phase reactants that increase during
inflammation?
Insulin and glucagon
Hemoglobin and myoglobin
Albumin and globulin
C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen
10. Which best describes sepsis?
Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host
response to infection.
Infection-related circulatory and cellular/metabolic abnormalities
profound enough to substantially increase mortality.
Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by immune response to
the host's cells.
Infection-related fever, tachycardia, elevated WBC.
, 11. Describe how mast cells contribute to the inflammatory response during an
injury.
Mast cells produce antibodies that neutralize toxins.
Mast cells inhibit the activity of other immune cells.
Mast cells release histamine and other mediators that increase
blood flow and attract immune cells to the site of injury.
Mast cells directly kill pathogens through phagocytosis.
12. Which of the following is a sign of systemic inflammation?
Increased appetite
Weight gain
Decreased heart rate
Fever
13. Describe the role of immunocytes in acquired (adaptive) immunity.
Immunocytes are involved in the specific response to pathogens,
allowing the body to resist certain diseases.
Immunocytes only function in innate immunity.
Immunocytes are responsible for the inflammatory response.
Immunocytes provide a physical barrier against pathogens.
14. A granuloma is a sign of
phagocytosis.
chronic inflammation.
acute inflammation.
