CERTIFIED RETINAL ANGIOGRAPHER EXAM PROFESSIONAL ACTUAL TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A PLUS
Certified Retinal Angiographer EXAM 2026/2027
Professional Preparation Questions and Answers
Verified Solutions Latest Update
Question:
Melanin.
Answer:
Pigment in the Iris that creates the color of the Iris and lies on top if its muscle fiber. The absence of
this pigment is a blue eye where the color is created by visualizing the muscular tissue itself. Thin
layers of yellow colored pigment on top of the muscle fiber produces a grey, green, or hazel
appearance. Heavier deposits result in a brown eye.
Question:
Iris sphincter.
Answer:
A thin band of muscle located on the inner rim of the Iris, responsible for making the pupil smaller
when it constricts.
Question:
Iris dilator.
Answer:
Responds to the brains signal of lowered light levels to dilate the pupil. This dilator is a large group
of radial muscle tissue, when this group constricts, the Iris dilates.
Question:
Penlight exam.
Answer:
,Tests the pupillary reflex of the eyes as a quick and easy way to determine brain health and is vitally
used by Emergency services of unconscious/ head injury patients. This is because each eye is
connected to one side of the brain. Left eye to right hemisphere, right eye to left hemisphere.
Question:
Afferent Pupillary Defect.
Answer:
Any time the two pupils don't react in tandem (together) which can indicate damage in retinal
processing or optic nerve head damage. If a penlight is shined into the right eye, the left and right
iris's should constrict equally and symmetrically. Swinging the light to the other eye should maintain
this constriction.
Question:
Lens (Transparent/ Crystalline).
Answer:
Helps to refract or bend the light as it enters the eye. Responsible for 30% of the eyes total refractive
power.
Question:
Accommodation.
Answer:
The adjustment of the lens to focus on close or near objects. This is achieved by the contraction of
suspensory ligaments called zonules.
Question:
Zonules.
Answer:
Project outward from the ciliary body and attach to the lens capsule which contains the lens. When
the ciliary body contracts, these pull on the lens capsule, which changes the lens shape to provide for
subject distance changes.
, Question:
Presbyopia.
Answer:
Condition that comes about as we age where the lens loses elastic capability, resulting in an inability
to focus on closer objects and a loss of accommodation. Requires magnifying glasses or
combination glasses (bifocals) to fit. Condition typically occurs by mid 40's.
Question:
Cataracts.
Answer:
Slow opacification (decrease in transparency) of one or more areas of the crystalline lens.
Question:
Ciliary body.
Answer:
Located just behind the Iris. Provides accommodation, produces aqueous humor which provides
nutrients and oxygen and removes waste.
Question:
Ciliary processes.
Answer:
Fingerlike projections of ciliary muscle in the lens that contract to tug the zonules, providing
accommodation.
Question:
Aqueous humor.
Answer:
QUESTIONS CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A PLUS
Certified Retinal Angiographer EXAM 2026/2027
Professional Preparation Questions and Answers
Verified Solutions Latest Update
Question:
Melanin.
Answer:
Pigment in the Iris that creates the color of the Iris and lies on top if its muscle fiber. The absence of
this pigment is a blue eye where the color is created by visualizing the muscular tissue itself. Thin
layers of yellow colored pigment on top of the muscle fiber produces a grey, green, or hazel
appearance. Heavier deposits result in a brown eye.
Question:
Iris sphincter.
Answer:
A thin band of muscle located on the inner rim of the Iris, responsible for making the pupil smaller
when it constricts.
Question:
Iris dilator.
Answer:
Responds to the brains signal of lowered light levels to dilate the pupil. This dilator is a large group
of radial muscle tissue, when this group constricts, the Iris dilates.
Question:
Penlight exam.
Answer:
,Tests the pupillary reflex of the eyes as a quick and easy way to determine brain health and is vitally
used by Emergency services of unconscious/ head injury patients. This is because each eye is
connected to one side of the brain. Left eye to right hemisphere, right eye to left hemisphere.
Question:
Afferent Pupillary Defect.
Answer:
Any time the two pupils don't react in tandem (together) which can indicate damage in retinal
processing or optic nerve head damage. If a penlight is shined into the right eye, the left and right
iris's should constrict equally and symmetrically. Swinging the light to the other eye should maintain
this constriction.
Question:
Lens (Transparent/ Crystalline).
Answer:
Helps to refract or bend the light as it enters the eye. Responsible for 30% of the eyes total refractive
power.
Question:
Accommodation.
Answer:
The adjustment of the lens to focus on close or near objects. This is achieved by the contraction of
suspensory ligaments called zonules.
Question:
Zonules.
Answer:
Project outward from the ciliary body and attach to the lens capsule which contains the lens. When
the ciliary body contracts, these pull on the lens capsule, which changes the lens shape to provide for
subject distance changes.
, Question:
Presbyopia.
Answer:
Condition that comes about as we age where the lens loses elastic capability, resulting in an inability
to focus on closer objects and a loss of accommodation. Requires magnifying glasses or
combination glasses (bifocals) to fit. Condition typically occurs by mid 40's.
Question:
Cataracts.
Answer:
Slow opacification (decrease in transparency) of one or more areas of the crystalline lens.
Question:
Ciliary body.
Answer:
Located just behind the Iris. Provides accommodation, produces aqueous humor which provides
nutrients and oxygen and removes waste.
Question:
Ciliary processes.
Answer:
Fingerlike projections of ciliary muscle in the lens that contract to tug the zonules, providing
accommodation.
Question:
Aqueous humor.
Answer:
