WGU C207 DATA-DRIVEN DECISION MAKING OA PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, VERIFIED ANSWERS & RATIONALES 100% CORRECT!
(Bias & Data Integrity)
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
A market research firm conducts an online survey regarding financial planning tools.
However, the survey link is only sent via email to customers who already subscribe to
the company's premium digital newsletter, leaving out non-digital users. What type of
data integrity issue has occurred?
● A. Coverage error (sampling frame bias)
● B. Voluntary response bias
● C. Common-cause variation
● D. Stratified sampling weighting error
Correct Answer: A. Coverage error (sampling frame bias)
Rationale: Coverage error occurs when the sampling frame does not adequately
represent the target population, systematically excluding certain segments (in this case,
non-digital users) from being selected.
Question 2 (Multiple Choice)
An employee satisfaction survey includes the following question: "Given that our
management team works tirelessly to improve your workplace, how would you rate your
current job satisfaction?" What type of bias does this question exhibit?
● A. Leading question bias (response bias)
● B. Non-response bias
● C. Random sampling error
● D. Survivorship bias
Correct Answer: A. Leading question bias (response bias)
Rationale: A leading question prompts or encourages a particular answer by
embedding a subjective premise or emotional framing into the phrasing, compromising
data integrity.
Question 3 (Multiple Choice)
A customer feedback survey sent after a product purchase has an overall response rate
of only $4\%$. The managers notice that only highly dissatisfied customers and
, extremely enthusiastic brand advocates bothered to complete the survey. What form of
bias is primarily present here?
● A. Non-response bias (voluntary response bias)
● B. Coverage error
● C. Systematic periodicity bias
● D. Homoscedasticity violation
Correct Answer: A. Non-response bias (voluntary response bias)
Rationale: Non-response bias occurs when a significant portion of the sample fails to
respond, and those who do respond have characteristics or opinions that differ
systematically from non-respondents.
Question 4 (Multiple Choice)
An auditor discovers that data entry clerks occasionally mistyped decimal places or
swapped digits when manually entering financial ledger numbers into a database. What
category of data integrity issues do these mistakes fall under?
● A. Processing errors (non-sampling errors)
● B. Natural sampling errors
● C. Stratification variance errors
● D. Central limit theorem deviations
Correct Answer: A. Processing errors (non-sampling errors)
Rationale: Processing errors encompass mistakes made during data coding, entry,
editing, or computer processing, which are completely distinct from natural sampling
errors.
Question 5 (Multiple Choice)
A medical researcher analyzes the survival rates of patients currently enrolled in an
experimental drug trial. However, the study completely fails to account for patients who
dropped out of the trial or passed away early in the process. What type of data distortion
is this?
● A. Survivorship bias
● B. Sampling frame coverage error
● C. Common-cause variation
● D. Interquartile range compression
Correct Answer: A. Survivorship bias
QUESTIONS, VERIFIED ANSWERS & RATIONALES 100% CORRECT!
(Bias & Data Integrity)
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
A market research firm conducts an online survey regarding financial planning tools.
However, the survey link is only sent via email to customers who already subscribe to
the company's premium digital newsletter, leaving out non-digital users. What type of
data integrity issue has occurred?
● A. Coverage error (sampling frame bias)
● B. Voluntary response bias
● C. Common-cause variation
● D. Stratified sampling weighting error
Correct Answer: A. Coverage error (sampling frame bias)
Rationale: Coverage error occurs when the sampling frame does not adequately
represent the target population, systematically excluding certain segments (in this case,
non-digital users) from being selected.
Question 2 (Multiple Choice)
An employee satisfaction survey includes the following question: "Given that our
management team works tirelessly to improve your workplace, how would you rate your
current job satisfaction?" What type of bias does this question exhibit?
● A. Leading question bias (response bias)
● B. Non-response bias
● C. Random sampling error
● D. Survivorship bias
Correct Answer: A. Leading question bias (response bias)
Rationale: A leading question prompts or encourages a particular answer by
embedding a subjective premise or emotional framing into the phrasing, compromising
data integrity.
Question 3 (Multiple Choice)
A customer feedback survey sent after a product purchase has an overall response rate
of only $4\%$. The managers notice that only highly dissatisfied customers and
, extremely enthusiastic brand advocates bothered to complete the survey. What form of
bias is primarily present here?
● A. Non-response bias (voluntary response bias)
● B. Coverage error
● C. Systematic periodicity bias
● D. Homoscedasticity violation
Correct Answer: A. Non-response bias (voluntary response bias)
Rationale: Non-response bias occurs when a significant portion of the sample fails to
respond, and those who do respond have characteristics or opinions that differ
systematically from non-respondents.
Question 4 (Multiple Choice)
An auditor discovers that data entry clerks occasionally mistyped decimal places or
swapped digits when manually entering financial ledger numbers into a database. What
category of data integrity issues do these mistakes fall under?
● A. Processing errors (non-sampling errors)
● B. Natural sampling errors
● C. Stratification variance errors
● D. Central limit theorem deviations
Correct Answer: A. Processing errors (non-sampling errors)
Rationale: Processing errors encompass mistakes made during data coding, entry,
editing, or computer processing, which are completely distinct from natural sampling
errors.
Question 5 (Multiple Choice)
A medical researcher analyzes the survival rates of patients currently enrolled in an
experimental drug trial. However, the study completely fails to account for patients who
dropped out of the trial or passed away early in the process. What type of data distortion
is this?
● A. Survivorship bias
● B. Sampling frame coverage error
● C. Common-cause variation
● D. Interquartile range compression
Correct Answer: A. Survivorship bias
