NSG 448 Exam 3 V3 | NSG 448 Evidence-
Based Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NSG448 Exam 3) | Grand
Canyon University
1. When developing a PICOT question, what does the ‘I’ represent in the mnemonic?
A. Implementation strategy
B. Intervention or issue of interest
C. Individual patient needs
D. Institutional policy
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The ‘I’ in PICOT stands for the intervention, prognostic factor, or issue of
interest that the clinician is investigating. This component specifies the treatment or
clinical action being evaluated for its effectiveness or impact. Defining the intervention
clearly is essential for conducting a focused literature search and obtaining relevant
evidence for the EBP project.
2. Which level of evidence is considered the highest quality in the hierarchy of evidence for
clinical effectiveness?
A. Systematic review or meta-analysis of all relevant RCTs
B. Single randomized controlled trial (RCT)
,C. Expert opinion and clinical guidelines
D. Single qualitative or descriptive study
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses occupy the top of the evidence
hierarchy because they synthesize findings from multiple high-quality studies. This
synthesis provides a more comprehensive and statistically powerful conclusion than any
individual study could offer alone. Utilizing Level 1 evidence ensures that clinical decisions
are based on the most rigorous and reliable data available in the scientific literature.
3. A nurse is reviewing a study that explores the lived experience of patients undergoing
chemotherapy. Which research design is being utilized?
A. Phenomenology
B. Grounded Theory
C. Ethnography
D. Case-Control Study
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Phenomenology is a qualitative research approach that focuses on the lived
experience of individuals regarding a specific phenomenon. The goal is to gain a deeper
understanding of the essence of the human experience from the perspective of those who
have lived it. This design is particularly useful in nursing for capturing the emotional and
psychological aspects of patient care.
, 4. What is the primary purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in the research
process?
A. To protect the rights and welfare of human subjects
B. To secure funding for the research project
C. To ensure the study has significant statistical power
D. To determine the feasibility of clinical implementation
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The primary mandate of the IRB is to review research proposals to ensure
ethical standards are met and the safety of participants is prioritized. This includes
verifying that risks are minimized and informed consent is appropriately obtained
according to federal regulations. By providing oversight, the IRB maintains the integrity of
the research process and prevents ethical violations.
5. Which of the following are common barriers to the implementation of evidence-based
practice in a clinical setting? (Select All That Apply)
A. Lack of time to read research
B. Resistance from leadership or management
C. Insufficient access to electronic databases
D. Strong institutional support and culture
E. Lack of knowledge regarding research appraisal
Based Project Capstone | Actual Q&A with
Rationale (NSG448 Exam 3) | Grand
Canyon University
1. When developing a PICOT question, what does the ‘I’ represent in the mnemonic?
A. Implementation strategy
B. Intervention or issue of interest
C. Individual patient needs
D. Institutional policy
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The ‘I’ in PICOT stands for the intervention, prognostic factor, or issue of
interest that the clinician is investigating. This component specifies the treatment or
clinical action being evaluated for its effectiveness or impact. Defining the intervention
clearly is essential for conducting a focused literature search and obtaining relevant
evidence for the EBP project.
2. Which level of evidence is considered the highest quality in the hierarchy of evidence for
clinical effectiveness?
A. Systematic review or meta-analysis of all relevant RCTs
B. Single randomized controlled trial (RCT)
,C. Expert opinion and clinical guidelines
D. Single qualitative or descriptive study
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses occupy the top of the evidence
hierarchy because they synthesize findings from multiple high-quality studies. This
synthesis provides a more comprehensive and statistically powerful conclusion than any
individual study could offer alone. Utilizing Level 1 evidence ensures that clinical decisions
are based on the most rigorous and reliable data available in the scientific literature.
3. A nurse is reviewing a study that explores the lived experience of patients undergoing
chemotherapy. Which research design is being utilized?
A. Phenomenology
B. Grounded Theory
C. Ethnography
D. Case-Control Study
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Phenomenology is a qualitative research approach that focuses on the lived
experience of individuals regarding a specific phenomenon. The goal is to gain a deeper
understanding of the essence of the human experience from the perspective of those who
have lived it. This design is particularly useful in nursing for capturing the emotional and
psychological aspects of patient care.
, 4. What is the primary purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) in the research
process?
A. To protect the rights and welfare of human subjects
B. To secure funding for the research project
C. To ensure the study has significant statistical power
D. To determine the feasibility of clinical implementation
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The primary mandate of the IRB is to review research proposals to ensure
ethical standards are met and the safety of participants is prioritized. This includes
verifying that risks are minimized and informed consent is appropriately obtained
according to federal regulations. By providing oversight, the IRB maintains the integrity of
the research process and prevents ethical violations.
5. Which of the following are common barriers to the implementation of evidence-based
practice in a clinical setting? (Select All That Apply)
A. Lack of time to read research
B. Resistance from leadership or management
C. Insufficient access to electronic databases
D. Strong institutional support and culture
E. Lack of knowledge regarding research appraisal
