NSG 448 Final Exam V1 | NSG 448
Evidence-Based Project Capstone | Actual
Q&A with Rationale (NSG448 Final Exam) |
Grand Canyon University
1. When developing a PICOT question, which component represents the ‘I’ in the acronym?
A. Intervention
B. Information
C. Implementation
D. Investigation
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: In the PICOT format, the letter ‘I’ specifically stands for Intervention or
Interest. This component defines what the clinician or researcher plans to do to address the
population’s problem. Correct identification of the intervention is critical for narrowing
down the literature search during the evidence-based practice process.
2. Which level of evidence is considered the ‘gold standard’ in the hierarchy of evidence for
clinical decision-making?
A. Case reports
B. Expert opinion
C. Systematic reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
,D. Qualitative descriptive studies
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of all relevant Randomized Controlled
Trials are positioned at the top of the evidence hierarchy. They provide the highest level of
rigor and minimize bias by synthesizing findings from multiple high-quality studies.
Clinicians rely on this level of evidence to provide the most reliable recommendations for
patient care.
3. A nurse researcher is analyzing the results of an EBP project and notes a p-value of 0.03.
How should this result be interpreted?
A. The results are not statistically significant.
B. The results are statistically significant, typically assuming an alpha of 0.05.
C. The intervention was 97% effective.
D. There is a 3% chance the null hypothesis is true.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A p-value of 0.03 is less than the standard significance level of 0.05,
indicating that the observed effects are unlikely to have occurred by chance alone. In
clinical research, this suggests that the intervention had a statistically measurable impact
on the outcome. The researcher can reject the null hypothesis based on this finding.
, 4. Select All That Apply (SATA): Which of the following individuals or groups are considered
key stakeholders in a hospital-based Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) project aimed at reducing
catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)?
A. Bedside nurses
B. Infection control specialists
C. Hospital administrators
D. Patients and their families
E. Information Technology (IT) department
F. Financial department/Billing
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E, F
Explanation: Stakeholders include any individual or group affected by the outcome or
involved in the implementation of the change. Bedside nurses execute the protocol, while
infection control and administration provide clinical oversight and resources. IT and
finance are also crucial for data tracking and analyzing the cost-benefit ratio of the
intervention.
5. According to Lewin’s Change Theory, what is the first stage required to prepare a clinical
unit for a new practice change?
A. Moving
B. Refreezing
Evidence-Based Project Capstone | Actual
Q&A with Rationale (NSG448 Final Exam) |
Grand Canyon University
1. When developing a PICOT question, which component represents the ‘I’ in the acronym?
A. Intervention
B. Information
C. Implementation
D. Investigation
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: In the PICOT format, the letter ‘I’ specifically stands for Intervention or
Interest. This component defines what the clinician or researcher plans to do to address the
population’s problem. Correct identification of the intervention is critical for narrowing
down the literature search during the evidence-based practice process.
2. Which level of evidence is considered the ‘gold standard’ in the hierarchy of evidence for
clinical decision-making?
A. Case reports
B. Expert opinion
C. Systematic reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs)
,D. Qualitative descriptive studies
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of all relevant Randomized Controlled
Trials are positioned at the top of the evidence hierarchy. They provide the highest level of
rigor and minimize bias by synthesizing findings from multiple high-quality studies.
Clinicians rely on this level of evidence to provide the most reliable recommendations for
patient care.
3. A nurse researcher is analyzing the results of an EBP project and notes a p-value of 0.03.
How should this result be interpreted?
A. The results are not statistically significant.
B. The results are statistically significant, typically assuming an alpha of 0.05.
C. The intervention was 97% effective.
D. There is a 3% chance the null hypothesis is true.
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A p-value of 0.03 is less than the standard significance level of 0.05,
indicating that the observed effects are unlikely to have occurred by chance alone. In
clinical research, this suggests that the intervention had a statistically measurable impact
on the outcome. The researcher can reject the null hypothesis based on this finding.
, 4. Select All That Apply (SATA): Which of the following individuals or groups are considered
key stakeholders in a hospital-based Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) project aimed at reducing
catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs)?
A. Bedside nurses
B. Infection control specialists
C. Hospital administrators
D. Patients and their families
E. Information Technology (IT) department
F. Financial department/Billing
Correct Answer: A, B, C, D, E, F
Explanation: Stakeholders include any individual or group affected by the outcome or
involved in the implementation of the change. Bedside nurses execute the protocol, while
infection control and administration provide clinical oversight and resources. IT and
finance are also crucial for data tracking and analyzing the cost-benefit ratio of the
intervention.
5. According to Lewin’s Change Theory, what is the first stage required to prepare a clinical
unit for a new practice change?
A. Moving
B. Refreezing
