EPID EXAM 1: MEASURES OF ASSOCIATION ALL
ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE UPDATED 2025/2026 BEST
GRADED A+ FOR PASS
Risk (exp)
a / (Total Exposed) = a / (a+b)
Risk (unexposed)
c / (Total unexposed) = c / (c+d)
Risk ratio calculation
R(exp) / R(unexp)
Risk Difference
R(exp) - R(unexp)
Interpretation of Risk Ratio (Texting while driving)
Those who texted while driving had 8.27 times the risk of traffic
accidents compared with those who did not text while driving,
over one-year time period.
Interpretation of Risk difference (Texting while driving)
Those who texted while driving had 7.99 additional cases of
traffic
accidents per 100 persons compared with those who did not
text while driving, over one-year time period.
Interpretation of Odds Ratio (Outcome)
Those who texted while driving are 5.06 times as likely to
have traffic accidents compared with those who did not text
ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE UPDATED 2025/2026 BEST
GRADED A+ FOR PASS
Risk (exp)
a / (Total Exposed) = a / (a+b)
Risk (unexposed)
c / (Total unexposed) = c / (c+d)
Risk ratio calculation
R(exp) / R(unexp)
Risk Difference
R(exp) - R(unexp)
Interpretation of Risk Ratio (Texting while driving)
Those who texted while driving had 8.27 times the risk of traffic
accidents compared with those who did not text while driving,
over one-year time period.
Interpretation of Risk difference (Texting while driving)
Those who texted while driving had 7.99 additional cases of
traffic
accidents per 100 persons compared with those who did not
text while driving, over one-year time period.
Interpretation of Odds Ratio (Outcome)
Those who texted while driving are 5.06 times as likely to
have traffic accidents compared with those who did not text
