StraighterLine BIO250 Microbiology Final Exam Study Guide -exam
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Graded A+
In the nitrogen cycle, which of the following steps involves removal of nitrogen from the atmosphere by
bacteria? - (ANSWER)Nitrogen Fixation
If enough H+ ions are added to pure water to raise the H+ concentration of the solution to ten times
higher than the original concentration, what is the resulting OH- concentration of the solution? -
(ANSWER)10-8 M
Fungi are able to reproduce asexually by creating conidiospores and sporangiospores. Which of the
following is an accurate explanation for why it is advantageous that they are also capable of sexual
reproduction? - (ANSWER)Offspring from two parents may have variations in form and function that
contribute to survival of the species.
In a laboratory bacterial cell culture that has been infected by a virus, plaques are areas in which... -
(ANSWER)the virus has spread and left behind the remains of dead cells.
The sun's energy is What is a Transforming Infection? - (ANSWER)Virus that alters cell DNA, leading to
cancer
What is a lysogenic infection? - (ANSWER)Phage DNA is incorporated into host genome and is passed on
to subsequent generations
What is a Lytic Bacteriophage Infection? - (ANSWER)Host cell gets so packed with viruses that is lyses
(splits) open and releases mature virions
What are the three principle purposes of cultivating viruses? - (ANSWER)1.) Isolate and ID viruses in
clinical specimens
2.) Prepare viruses for vaccines
3.) Research viral strucutre, multiplication cycles, genetics, and effects on hosts
,StraighterLine BIO250 Microbiology Final Exam Study Guide -exam
elaborations with 100% verified answer/solutions- Excel & Succeed – Already
Graded A+
What are three ways in which viruses are cultivated? - (ANSWER)1.) Using live animal inoculation
2.) Using bird embryos
3.) Using cell (tissue) culture techniques
What are three noncellular infections agents besides viruses? - (ANSWER)Prions, viroids, and satellite
viruses.
List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell: - (ANSWER)CHONPS
C - arbon
H - ydrogen
N - itrogen
P - hosphate
S - ulphur
What are four terms that describe an organisms source of Carbon and Energy? -
(ANSWER)Photoautotrophos, chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs, lithoautotrophs
Define Saprobe: - (ANSWER)A microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead organisms
Define Parasite - (ANSWER)An organism that lives in or within a host from which it obtains nutrients and
enjoys protection. Produces some degree of harm to host
Define Diffusion: - (ANSWER)movement from high to low
Define Osmosis: - (ANSWER)Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
,StraighterLine BIO250 Microbiology Final Exam Study Guide -exam
elaborations with 100% verified answer/solutions- Excel & Succeed – Already
Graded A+
hypotonic cell: - (ANSWER)cells that are less concentrated than their environment; water rushes in, may
burst cell
hypertonic cell: - (ANSWER)cells that are more concentrated than their environment; water rushes out of
the cell causing it to shrivel
isotonic cell: - (ANSWER)extracellular environment has the same concentration of solutes as the cell
cytoplasm
types of passive transport - (ANSWER)Facilitated diffusion, molecule-specific, simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion - (ANSWER)passive transport: Movement of specific molecules across cell
membranes through protein channels by binding to receptors
molecule specific
transport - (ANSWER)Passive transport goes both directions. Rate is limited by number of binding sites
on transport proteins
simple diffusion - (ANSWER)Fundamental property of atoms and molecults that exist in a state of
random motion
Name three types of active transport: - (ANSWER)Carrier mediated, group translocation, bulk transport
Carrier-mediated Transport is... - (ANSWER)Active transport where atoms or molecules are pumped into
or out of the cell by specialized receptors
Group translocation transport is.... - (ANSWER)Active transport where molecule is moved across
membrane and converted to a metabolically useful substance
, StraighterLine BIO250 Microbiology Final Exam Study Guide -exam
elaborations with 100% verified answer/solutions- Excel & Succeed – Already
Graded A+
Bulk transport is.... - (ANSWER)active transport of large particles/cells/liquids by enfulcing in a vesicle
(e.g. endocytosis, phagocytosis, etc.)
Ways in which different organisms dead with oxygen... - (ANSWER)Can use oxygen and detoxify is, can
neither use nor detoxify is, cannot use but can detoxify it.
What are the five types of associations microbes can have with their hosts? - (ANSWER)Mutualism,
Commensalism, Parasitism, Antagonism, Synergism
Define mutualism - (ANSWER)both organisms benefit
Define commensalism - (ANSWER)one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped
Define Parasitism - (ANSWER)one species benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host)
Define Antagonism - (ANSWER)Members of a community compete (some members are inhibited or
destroyed by others.
Define synergism - (ANSWER)an optional cooperation where both species benefit, but can grow
independently
Characteristic of biofilms that differentiate them from planktonic bacteria: - (ANSWER)Biofilms respond
to the environment by sensing and planktonic does not resplond to the environment because they are
free floating
How do bacteria divide? - (ANSWER)binary fission
elaborations with 100% verified answer/solutions- Excel & Succeed – Already
Graded A+
In the nitrogen cycle, which of the following steps involves removal of nitrogen from the atmosphere by
bacteria? - (ANSWER)Nitrogen Fixation
If enough H+ ions are added to pure water to raise the H+ concentration of the solution to ten times
higher than the original concentration, what is the resulting OH- concentration of the solution? -
(ANSWER)10-8 M
Fungi are able to reproduce asexually by creating conidiospores and sporangiospores. Which of the
following is an accurate explanation for why it is advantageous that they are also capable of sexual
reproduction? - (ANSWER)Offspring from two parents may have variations in form and function that
contribute to survival of the species.
In a laboratory bacterial cell culture that has been infected by a virus, plaques are areas in which... -
(ANSWER)the virus has spread and left behind the remains of dead cells.
The sun's energy is What is a Transforming Infection? - (ANSWER)Virus that alters cell DNA, leading to
cancer
What is a lysogenic infection? - (ANSWER)Phage DNA is incorporated into host genome and is passed on
to subsequent generations
What is a Lytic Bacteriophage Infection? - (ANSWER)Host cell gets so packed with viruses that is lyses
(splits) open and releases mature virions
What are the three principle purposes of cultivating viruses? - (ANSWER)1.) Isolate and ID viruses in
clinical specimens
2.) Prepare viruses for vaccines
3.) Research viral strucutre, multiplication cycles, genetics, and effects on hosts
,StraighterLine BIO250 Microbiology Final Exam Study Guide -exam
elaborations with 100% verified answer/solutions- Excel & Succeed – Already
Graded A+
What are three ways in which viruses are cultivated? - (ANSWER)1.) Using live animal inoculation
2.) Using bird embryos
3.) Using cell (tissue) culture techniques
What are three noncellular infections agents besides viruses? - (ANSWER)Prions, viroids, and satellite
viruses.
List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell: - (ANSWER)CHONPS
C - arbon
H - ydrogen
N - itrogen
P - hosphate
S - ulphur
What are four terms that describe an organisms source of Carbon and Energy? -
(ANSWER)Photoautotrophos, chemoautotrophs, chemoheterotrophs, lithoautotrophs
Define Saprobe: - (ANSWER)A microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead organisms
Define Parasite - (ANSWER)An organism that lives in or within a host from which it obtains nutrients and
enjoys protection. Produces some degree of harm to host
Define Diffusion: - (ANSWER)movement from high to low
Define Osmosis: - (ANSWER)Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
,StraighterLine BIO250 Microbiology Final Exam Study Guide -exam
elaborations with 100% verified answer/solutions- Excel & Succeed – Already
Graded A+
hypotonic cell: - (ANSWER)cells that are less concentrated than their environment; water rushes in, may
burst cell
hypertonic cell: - (ANSWER)cells that are more concentrated than their environment; water rushes out of
the cell causing it to shrivel
isotonic cell: - (ANSWER)extracellular environment has the same concentration of solutes as the cell
cytoplasm
types of passive transport - (ANSWER)Facilitated diffusion, molecule-specific, simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion - (ANSWER)passive transport: Movement of specific molecules across cell
membranes through protein channels by binding to receptors
molecule specific
transport - (ANSWER)Passive transport goes both directions. Rate is limited by number of binding sites
on transport proteins
simple diffusion - (ANSWER)Fundamental property of atoms and molecults that exist in a state of
random motion
Name three types of active transport: - (ANSWER)Carrier mediated, group translocation, bulk transport
Carrier-mediated Transport is... - (ANSWER)Active transport where atoms or molecules are pumped into
or out of the cell by specialized receptors
Group translocation transport is.... - (ANSWER)Active transport where molecule is moved across
membrane and converted to a metabolically useful substance
, StraighterLine BIO250 Microbiology Final Exam Study Guide -exam
elaborations with 100% verified answer/solutions- Excel & Succeed – Already
Graded A+
Bulk transport is.... - (ANSWER)active transport of large particles/cells/liquids by enfulcing in a vesicle
(e.g. endocytosis, phagocytosis, etc.)
Ways in which different organisms dead with oxygen... - (ANSWER)Can use oxygen and detoxify is, can
neither use nor detoxify is, cannot use but can detoxify it.
What are the five types of associations microbes can have with their hosts? - (ANSWER)Mutualism,
Commensalism, Parasitism, Antagonism, Synergism
Define mutualism - (ANSWER)both organisms benefit
Define commensalism - (ANSWER)one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped
Define Parasitism - (ANSWER)one species benefits (parasite) and the other is harmed (host)
Define Antagonism - (ANSWER)Members of a community compete (some members are inhibited or
destroyed by others.
Define synergism - (ANSWER)an optional cooperation where both species benefit, but can grow
independently
Characteristic of biofilms that differentiate them from planktonic bacteria: - (ANSWER)Biofilms respond
to the environment by sensing and planktonic does not resplond to the environment because they are
free floating
How do bacteria divide? - (ANSWER)binary fission
