PSYCHOLOGY 2301 EXAM 2 UPDATED
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
VERIFIED PREPARATION RESOURCE
●● Cognitive psychology
Answer: the branch of psychology focused on explaining how and why
we think the way we do
●● Concepts
Answer: categories of information in our minds that can be abstract (like
justice) or concrete (like birds)
●● Prototype
Answer: the best example or representation of a concept, influenced by
experience and observation
●● Schema
Answer: a mental construct that helps organize information
●● Schemata
Answer: plural form of schema
,●● Role schema
Answer: a collection of beliefs about how individuals in certain roles
will behave
●● Event schema
Answer: also called a cognitive script — a collection of automatic
behaviors associated with specific events, like using an elevator
●● Language
Answer: a verbal communication system using words to convey
information
●● Lexicon
Answer: the vocabulary or words of a language
●● Grammar
Answer: the set of rules applied to a language
●● Language development (B.F. Skinner)
Answer: language is learned through operant conditioning and
reinforcement
●● Language development (Noam Chomsky)
,Answer: humans have an innate biological ability to learn language,
even without reinforcement
●● Language development (observational learning)
Answer: we can learn language by observing others, such as watching
TV shows in another language
●● Linguistic determinism
Answer: the idea that language influences how we think and perceive the
world
●● Problem solving process
Answer: Step 1: identify the problem, Step 2: use a problem-solving
strategy
●● Trial and error
Answer: trying multiple potential solutions until one works
●● Algorithm
Answer: following a step-by-step procedure to reach a solution
●● Heuristic problem solving
, Answer: using mental shortcuts such as working backwards, breaking
tasks into smaller steps, or brainstorming
●● Mental set
Answer: a tendency to approach problems in the same way that has
worked before
●● Functional fixedness
Answer: a type of mental set in which a person cannot perceive new uses
for an object other than its original function
●● Anchoring bias
Answer: relying too heavily on the first piece of information received,
which affects later judgments (example: car price)
●● Availability heuristic
Answer: overestimating the importance of information that comes easily
to mind (example: death by terrorism)
●● Bandwagon effect
Answer: adopting beliefs or behaviors simply because many others do
(example: cryptocurrency trends)
●● Choice supportive bias
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
VERIFIED PREPARATION RESOURCE
●● Cognitive psychology
Answer: the branch of psychology focused on explaining how and why
we think the way we do
●● Concepts
Answer: categories of information in our minds that can be abstract (like
justice) or concrete (like birds)
●● Prototype
Answer: the best example or representation of a concept, influenced by
experience and observation
●● Schema
Answer: a mental construct that helps organize information
●● Schemata
Answer: plural form of schema
,●● Role schema
Answer: a collection of beliefs about how individuals in certain roles
will behave
●● Event schema
Answer: also called a cognitive script — a collection of automatic
behaviors associated with specific events, like using an elevator
●● Language
Answer: a verbal communication system using words to convey
information
●● Lexicon
Answer: the vocabulary or words of a language
●● Grammar
Answer: the set of rules applied to a language
●● Language development (B.F. Skinner)
Answer: language is learned through operant conditioning and
reinforcement
●● Language development (Noam Chomsky)
,Answer: humans have an innate biological ability to learn language,
even without reinforcement
●● Language development (observational learning)
Answer: we can learn language by observing others, such as watching
TV shows in another language
●● Linguistic determinism
Answer: the idea that language influences how we think and perceive the
world
●● Problem solving process
Answer: Step 1: identify the problem, Step 2: use a problem-solving
strategy
●● Trial and error
Answer: trying multiple potential solutions until one works
●● Algorithm
Answer: following a step-by-step procedure to reach a solution
●● Heuristic problem solving
, Answer: using mental shortcuts such as working backwards, breaking
tasks into smaller steps, or brainstorming
●● Mental set
Answer: a tendency to approach problems in the same way that has
worked before
●● Functional fixedness
Answer: a type of mental set in which a person cannot perceive new uses
for an object other than its original function
●● Anchoring bias
Answer: relying too heavily on the first piece of information received,
which affects later judgments (example: car price)
●● Availability heuristic
Answer: overestimating the importance of information that comes easily
to mind (example: death by terrorism)
●● Bandwagon effect
Answer: adopting beliefs or behaviors simply because many others do
(example: cryptocurrency trends)
●● Choice supportive bias
