BIOL 2150 | EXAM 2 REVIEW | CH. 26, 27, 28, 30/33, 29,
34 | VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
eukaryotes - Answers - have membrane bound nucleus and organelles that separate
compartments for distinct cell functions
prokaryotes - Answers - DNA is not membrane bound, not much compartmentalization
bacteria - Answers - monophyletic domain, usually single-celled organisms, single
circular chromosome, no nucleus, no energy-producing organelles, no sex, prokaryotic
archaea - Answers - monophyletic domain, single celled organisms, single circular
chromosome, no nucleus, prokaryotic
plasmids - Answers - small circles of DNA, replicate independently of chromosome, not
essential
bacterial protein location and purpose - Answers - free-floating or embedded in plasma
membrane, carry out cell processes (like metabolism)
peptidoglycan - Answers - polymer of sugars and amino acids, gives structural support
to cell wall in bacteria
structure of bacteria - Answers - (from outside in) flagellum, cell wall, plasma
membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA
diffusion - Answers - random movement of molecules with net movement where there
are areas of higher and lower concentration (usually from higher to lower concentration)
how do photosynthetic bacteria use diffusion - Answers - take in CO₂ via diffusion with
their environment
how do respiring bacteria use diffusion - Answers - take in organic molecules and O₂ via
diffusion with their environment
how does diffusion explain why bacterial cells tend to be small? - Answers - smaller
cells have more surface area in proportion to volume, and interior parts of small cell are
closer to surrounding environment than in larger cells. The larger the cell, the harder it is
to supply materials for growth (the more cytoplasm to travel through).
how do bacteria reproduce - Answers - binary fission
where does bacterial genetic variation come from - Answers - horizontal gene transfer
34 | VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
eukaryotes - Answers - have membrane bound nucleus and organelles that separate
compartments for distinct cell functions
prokaryotes - Answers - DNA is not membrane bound, not much compartmentalization
bacteria - Answers - monophyletic domain, usually single-celled organisms, single
circular chromosome, no nucleus, no energy-producing organelles, no sex, prokaryotic
archaea - Answers - monophyletic domain, single celled organisms, single circular
chromosome, no nucleus, prokaryotic
plasmids - Answers - small circles of DNA, replicate independently of chromosome, not
essential
bacterial protein location and purpose - Answers - free-floating or embedded in plasma
membrane, carry out cell processes (like metabolism)
peptidoglycan - Answers - polymer of sugars and amino acids, gives structural support
to cell wall in bacteria
structure of bacteria - Answers - (from outside in) flagellum, cell wall, plasma
membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA
diffusion - Answers - random movement of molecules with net movement where there
are areas of higher and lower concentration (usually from higher to lower concentration)
how do photosynthetic bacteria use diffusion - Answers - take in CO₂ via diffusion with
their environment
how do respiring bacteria use diffusion - Answers - take in organic molecules and O₂ via
diffusion with their environment
how does diffusion explain why bacterial cells tend to be small? - Answers - smaller
cells have more surface area in proportion to volume, and interior parts of small cell are
closer to surrounding environment than in larger cells. The larger the cell, the harder it is
to supply materials for growth (the more cytoplasm to travel through).
how do bacteria reproduce - Answers - binary fission
where does bacterial genetic variation come from - Answers - horizontal gene transfer
