BIOL 2150 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
what is the length of time it takes for hormones to decrease in blood? what hormones
have the shortest? - Answers - half life; lipid insoluble
the _____________ _____________________ releases chemical messengers
(hormones) into the blood - Answers - endocrine system
long distance chemical signals that control the metabolic activities of cells - Answers -
hormones
organ response is often ______________ but ________________- - Answers - delayed
but prolonged
the endocrine system consists of a ____________________ _____________,
_____________ and _______________ dispersed throughout the body - Answers -
neuroendocrine system, glands and tissue
name some features of the endocrine system - Answers - ductless, release hormones
into surrounding tissue fluid and highly vascularized
goblet cells release - Answers - mucus
the neuroendocrine organ is the - Answers - hypothalamus
name the endocrine glands - Answers - pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal
what are some other organs containing endocrine tissue? - Answers - pancreas,
ovaries/testes and placenta
endocrine cells are also found scattered throughout the body, they are found where? -
Answers - adipose cells, thymus, small intestine, stomach, kidneys, heart
what are some functions of hormones? - Answers - regulate the activity of cells, change
plasma membrane permeability, stimulate protein synthesis, activate/deactivate
enzymes, induce secretion of molecules from cells, stimulate mitosis
hormones that cannot get through the plasma membrane receptors and bind to
transmembrane protein receptors in the phospholipid membrane - Answers - amino acid
based hormones
, hormones that diffuse easily across the plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular
receptor complex - Answers - steroid based hormones (and thyroid hormones)
what are the three types of stimuli that cause release of hormones? - Answers -
humoral, neural, hormonal
type of stimuli in which hormones are released in response to levels of molecules or
ions in the blood
stimulus: low conc. of Ca+ in the blood
response: parathyroid gland release PTH which increases Ca+ - Answers - humoral
stimulus
type of stimuli where nerve activity stimulates hormone release
stimulus: action potentials in the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to adrenal medulla
response: adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine - Answers - neural
stimuli
type of stimuli where a hormone from one gland causes a hormone to be released from
another
stimulus: hormones from hypothalamus
response: anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that stimulate other endocrine
gland to secrete hormones - Answers - hormonal stimuli
hormones circulate the entire body through the vascular system but only affect certain
tissue cells, these are called - Answers - target cells
the response of target cells depends on several factors: - Answers - blood levels of the
hormone (amount of hormone)
# of receptors on target cells
affinity of binding between hormone and receptor
receptors are dynamic and can change in both ______________ and
________________ - Answers - number and affinity
number of receptors is increased, happens when hormone levels are low and cell is
trying to produce a response to the hormone - Answers - up regulation (exocytosis)
number of receptors is decreased, happens when hormone levels are high and cell is
trying to reduce its response to the hormone - Answers - down regulation (endocytosis)
when receptors are in a _______________ _______________ state, the receptor has a
strong attraction for the hormone and do not need much hormone for activation -
Answers - high affinity
ANSWERS
what is the length of time it takes for hormones to decrease in blood? what hormones
have the shortest? - Answers - half life; lipid insoluble
the _____________ _____________________ releases chemical messengers
(hormones) into the blood - Answers - endocrine system
long distance chemical signals that control the metabolic activities of cells - Answers -
hormones
organ response is often ______________ but ________________- - Answers - delayed
but prolonged
the endocrine system consists of a ____________________ _____________,
_____________ and _______________ dispersed throughout the body - Answers -
neuroendocrine system, glands and tissue
name some features of the endocrine system - Answers - ductless, release hormones
into surrounding tissue fluid and highly vascularized
goblet cells release - Answers - mucus
the neuroendocrine organ is the - Answers - hypothalamus
name the endocrine glands - Answers - pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal
what are some other organs containing endocrine tissue? - Answers - pancreas,
ovaries/testes and placenta
endocrine cells are also found scattered throughout the body, they are found where? -
Answers - adipose cells, thymus, small intestine, stomach, kidneys, heart
what are some functions of hormones? - Answers - regulate the activity of cells, change
plasma membrane permeability, stimulate protein synthesis, activate/deactivate
enzymes, induce secretion of molecules from cells, stimulate mitosis
hormones that cannot get through the plasma membrane receptors and bind to
transmembrane protein receptors in the phospholipid membrane - Answers - amino acid
based hormones
, hormones that diffuse easily across the plasma membrane and bind to an intracellular
receptor complex - Answers - steroid based hormones (and thyroid hormones)
what are the three types of stimuli that cause release of hormones? - Answers -
humoral, neural, hormonal
type of stimuli in which hormones are released in response to levels of molecules or
ions in the blood
stimulus: low conc. of Ca+ in the blood
response: parathyroid gland release PTH which increases Ca+ - Answers - humoral
stimulus
type of stimuli where nerve activity stimulates hormone release
stimulus: action potentials in the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to adrenal medulla
response: adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine - Answers - neural
stimuli
type of stimuli where a hormone from one gland causes a hormone to be released from
another
stimulus: hormones from hypothalamus
response: anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that stimulate other endocrine
gland to secrete hormones - Answers - hormonal stimuli
hormones circulate the entire body through the vascular system but only affect certain
tissue cells, these are called - Answers - target cells
the response of target cells depends on several factors: - Answers - blood levels of the
hormone (amount of hormone)
# of receptors on target cells
affinity of binding between hormone and receptor
receptors are dynamic and can change in both ______________ and
________________ - Answers - number and affinity
number of receptors is increased, happens when hormone levels are low and cell is
trying to produce a response to the hormone - Answers - up regulation (exocytosis)
number of receptors is decreased, happens when hormone levels are high and cell is
trying to reduce its response to the hormone - Answers - down regulation (endocytosis)
when receptors are in a _______________ _______________ state, the receptor has a
strong attraction for the hormone and do not need much hormone for activation -
Answers - high affinity
