1|Page
MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 1|CERTIFIED
Q&A 2026
Spontaneous Generation - correct-answer - the hypothesis that life arises from
non living matter ; a vital force is necessary fro life
disproven by Louis Pasteur
Biogenesis - correct-answer - the hypothesis that living cells arise only from
preexisting living cells
divide through the binary fission process
Koch's Postulate - correct-answer - 1. take sample
2. grow it in a pure sample
3. inject it into the same type of organism but a new one
,2|Page
4. take sample form new organism
5. see that if it's the same microorganism that that's one that was the culprit
exceptions to koch's postulate - correct-answer - - Viruses like syphailis and
leprosy cannot grow in a artificial media therefore they have to grow in a tissue
culture in order for it to grow like we need it to
- Ethical issues
• Ex: HIV or E. Coli
Microbial genetics - correct-answer - the study of how microbes inherit traits
Molecular biology - correct-answer - the study of how DNA directs proteins
synthesis
protein synthesis- ribosomes
,3|Page
genomics - correct-answer - the study of an organism genes
has provided new tools for classifying microorganisms
Eurkarya - correct-answer - -animals
-Plants
- Fungi:
• Distinct nucleus
• Chitin in cell walls
• Absorb organic chemicals for energy
• Yeasts: unicellular
• Molds and Mushrooms: multicellular
Bacteria - correct-answer - ♣ Prenucleus: no true nucleus
♣ Peptidoglycan cell walls
♣ Divide through binary fission
, 4|Page
♣ Usually single cell
♣ Uses the Gram Stain
♣ Most bacteria have a single shape
♣ Genus species
archaea - correct-answer - ♣ Can resist severe conditions
♣ Lack peptidoglycan
♣ Based off of Eukaraya
♣ Methanogens
• Anaerobic
o O2 is toxic
• Produce methane
♣ Extreme halophiles
• Require salt concentration of around 2.5%
o The normal human salt percentage is around .9%
♣ Hyperthermophiles
• Require growth temperature of around 80 degrees Celsius
MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 1|CERTIFIED
Q&A 2026
Spontaneous Generation - correct-answer - the hypothesis that life arises from
non living matter ; a vital force is necessary fro life
disproven by Louis Pasteur
Biogenesis - correct-answer - the hypothesis that living cells arise only from
preexisting living cells
divide through the binary fission process
Koch's Postulate - correct-answer - 1. take sample
2. grow it in a pure sample
3. inject it into the same type of organism but a new one
,2|Page
4. take sample form new organism
5. see that if it's the same microorganism that that's one that was the culprit
exceptions to koch's postulate - correct-answer - - Viruses like syphailis and
leprosy cannot grow in a artificial media therefore they have to grow in a tissue
culture in order for it to grow like we need it to
- Ethical issues
• Ex: HIV or E. Coli
Microbial genetics - correct-answer - the study of how microbes inherit traits
Molecular biology - correct-answer - the study of how DNA directs proteins
synthesis
protein synthesis- ribosomes
,3|Page
genomics - correct-answer - the study of an organism genes
has provided new tools for classifying microorganisms
Eurkarya - correct-answer - -animals
-Plants
- Fungi:
• Distinct nucleus
• Chitin in cell walls
• Absorb organic chemicals for energy
• Yeasts: unicellular
• Molds and Mushrooms: multicellular
Bacteria - correct-answer - ♣ Prenucleus: no true nucleus
♣ Peptidoglycan cell walls
♣ Divide through binary fission
, 4|Page
♣ Usually single cell
♣ Uses the Gram Stain
♣ Most bacteria have a single shape
♣ Genus species
archaea - correct-answer - ♣ Can resist severe conditions
♣ Lack peptidoglycan
♣ Based off of Eukaraya
♣ Methanogens
• Anaerobic
o O2 is toxic
• Produce methane
♣ Extreme halophiles
• Require salt concentration of around 2.5%
o The normal human salt percentage is around .9%
♣ Hyperthermophiles
• Require growth temperature of around 80 degrees Celsius
