Portage Microbiology BIOD170 Final Exam |
2026/2027 Comprehensive Exam & Final Exam
Success Study Guide | PDF | 130+ Questions And
Verified Answers
Microbiology is the study of what? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Microbiology is
the study of microbes (microorganisms and viruses) and their biological
processes.
What is the smallest biological unit of life - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-cell
What is a macromolecule? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-A macromolecule is
classified as a complex molecule that is composed from smaller subunits.
What are the four main types of macromolecules? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates
What various functions do proteins have in a cell - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Proteins may facilitate the movement of materials in or out of a cell. Some can
,act as enzymes that catalyze, or speed up, biochemical processes. Others play
a structural role while other proteins, such as filaments, enable movement.
What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles? - ✅🌹CORRECT
ANSWER-There are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are chemical molecules that
carry genetic information within the cell. DNA contains a vast amount of
hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of
living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information
in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins.
What is the plasma membrane, and what is it made up of? - ✅🌹CORRECT
ANSWER-The plasma membrane serves the cell as a surrounding barrier that
separates the inside of the cell from the outside surrounding environment. The
plasma membrane also restricts the movement of materials (water, nutrients,
etc) either in or out of the cell, thus allowing a cells to absorb and keep what is
needed (influx) while also preventing the escape (out flux) of essential nutrients.
The plasma membrane is composed of lipids (hydrophobic hydrocarbons).
What are the three main components of carbohydrates? - ✅🌹CORRECT
ANSWER-Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
atoms. Examples would include, C6H12O6 (glucose) C12H22O11 (sucrose) and
C6H10O5 (cellulose).
What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? -
✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, a membrane
enclosed region within the cell that contains the genetic material. Prokaryotic
, cells do not have a nucleus and can be further classified as either Bacteria or
Archaea.
What are the main morphologies of bacteria? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Bacteria can be described as coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio
(curved rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew).
Which group (classification) of microbes is noted for its ability to survive under
harsh conditions? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Archaea. They are able to
survive in extremely harsh environmental conditions such as high salt levels,
acid conditions, high temperatures and oxygen-poor conditions.
What are the four main classifications of Eukarya? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Eukaryotic microorganisms are classified as either belonging to Animalia,
Plantae, Fungi or Protista.
Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - ✅🌹CORRECT
ANSWER-No. Viruses are considered neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic.
Viruses are not considered living and do not replicate on their own, meaning
they must replicate within a host.
The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is composed of what? -
✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-The cell membrane is a bilayer composed primarily
of amphipathic phospholipids, meaning they contain a polar hydrophilic (water
loving) head group and a non-polar hydrophobic (water fearing) tail region. The
lipid bilayer is situated in such a way where the non-polar tail groups face inward
2026/2027 Comprehensive Exam & Final Exam
Success Study Guide | PDF | 130+ Questions And
Verified Answers
Microbiology is the study of what? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Microbiology is
the study of microbes (microorganisms and viruses) and their biological
processes.
What is the smallest biological unit of life - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-cell
What is a macromolecule? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-A macromolecule is
classified as a complex molecule that is composed from smaller subunits.
What are the four main types of macromolecules? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates
What various functions do proteins have in a cell - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Proteins may facilitate the movement of materials in or out of a cell. Some can
,act as enzymes that catalyze, or speed up, biochemical processes. Others play
a structural role while other proteins, such as filaments, enable movement.
What are the two major types of nucleic acids and their roles? - ✅🌹CORRECT
ANSWER-There are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Nucleic acids are chemical molecules that
carry genetic information within the cell. DNA contains a vast amount of
hereditary information and is responsible for the inheritable characteristics of
living organisms. RNA is responsible for deciphering the hereditary information
in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins.
What is the plasma membrane, and what is it made up of? - ✅🌹CORRECT
ANSWER-The plasma membrane serves the cell as a surrounding barrier that
separates the inside of the cell from the outside surrounding environment. The
plasma membrane also restricts the movement of materials (water, nutrients,
etc) either in or out of the cell, thus allowing a cells to absorb and keep what is
needed (influx) while also preventing the escape (out flux) of essential nutrients.
The plasma membrane is composed of lipids (hydrophobic hydrocarbons).
What are the three main components of carbohydrates? - ✅🌹CORRECT
ANSWER-Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
atoms. Examples would include, C6H12O6 (glucose) C12H22O11 (sucrose) and
C6H10O5 (cellulose).
What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? -
✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus, a membrane
enclosed region within the cell that contains the genetic material. Prokaryotic
, cells do not have a nucleus and can be further classified as either Bacteria or
Archaea.
What are the main morphologies of bacteria? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Bacteria can be described as coccus (round/spherical), bacillus (rod), vibrio
(curved rod) or spirillum (spiral/corkscrew).
Which group (classification) of microbes is noted for its ability to survive under
harsh conditions? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-Archaea. They are able to
survive in extremely harsh environmental conditions such as high salt levels,
acid conditions, high temperatures and oxygen-poor conditions.
What are the four main classifications of Eukarya? - ✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-
Eukaryotic microorganisms are classified as either belonging to Animalia,
Plantae, Fungi or Protista.
Can viruses be classified as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic? - ✅🌹CORRECT
ANSWER-No. Viruses are considered neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic.
Viruses are not considered living and do not replicate on their own, meaning
they must replicate within a host.
The lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is composed of what? -
✅🌹CORRECT ANSWER-The cell membrane is a bilayer composed primarily
of amphipathic phospholipids, meaning they contain a polar hydrophilic (water
loving) head group and a non-polar hydrophobic (water fearing) tail region. The
lipid bilayer is situated in such a way where the non-polar tail groups face inward
