FSC100 Exam review Questions and
Answers Graded A+ 2026 Updated.
Forensic biology incorporates related areas of - Answer - Bodily fluid identification (serology)
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis
Serology - Answer -Techniques are used to screen evidence items for the prescience and type
of body fluid disposition
- analyses and targets a the biochemicals and cells that define distinctive functional
characteristics of different body fluids: hemoglobin in blood and spermatozoa in semen
Deoxyribonucleic acid - Answer genetic information that dictates the firm and development
of an organism. A molecule found in almost all human cells
DNA is the genetic blueprint of: - Answer Life
Each strand of the helix is composed of: - Answer long chains of nucleotides, composedof a
phosphate group, a type of sugar called deoyribose, and one of four nitrogen-containing bases
4 bases of DNA - Answer Adenine(A), Thymine(T), Guanine(G), Cytosine(C)`
What 2 subunits form base pairs(BP) - Answer - Adenine(A) with Thymine(T)
- Guanine(G) with Cytosine(C)
Strands of DNA form codes of: - Answer proteins (genes) that provide genetic information in
the organism, like hair color, height, hair texture and skin
Human DNA contain approx.: - Answer 3 billion total number of base pairs
Chromosomes - Answer structures carrying molecular strands of DNA
Genome - Answer one cell collection of chromosomes
Humans inherit: - Answer a genome of 23 chromosomes from each parent for a total of 46.
Rosalind Franklin - Answer - died at 36
,- contributions to understanding DNA, including RNA viruses coal and graphite
- found being female is significant as oppurtunities were limited to women chemical structure of
DNA similarly to all cellular organisms.
First DNA case - Answer - Narborough England
- rape and murder of 2, 15yo girls
- in ealry 1980, Dr Jeffery's lab produced first "restricition fragment Length polymorphism" =
RFLP
Dr Alec Jeffery - Answer - Studied at Leicester University - England
- studying DNA variations and the evolution of gene families
- his interest and goal was to develop markers (a type of identification tag) to track the position
of these genes
RFLP - Answer Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
- Created 1980 in Dr. Jeffery's lab
- a molecular method of genetic analysis that allows individuals to be identified based on
unique patterns of restriction enzyme cutting in specific regions of DNA
1984 - Answer Jefferys developed and used the first DNA tests to be applied to a criminal
case
DNA Fingerprinting - Answer - first-generation typing system made by Dr.Jefferys.
- this method looks at sections of DNA located in different regions on different chromosomes
- multilocus typing system
DNA typing - Answer describes the system of assessing variations in sections of DNA for
analysis
DNA profiling - Answer the second generation typing system (a more recent development)
that looks at one area- a single locus- on a single chromosome. this is the method now in use for
forensic analysis
DNA profile - Answer most simply viewed as a set of numbers representing the DNA 'variants'
as target locations
DNA locations - Answer also known as 'Loci' and are the genetic equivalents of addresses or
postal codes
, genetic differences at loci are: - Answer variants or alleles
STR analysis - Answer a method of DNA profiling that compares the lengths of STR sequences
at specific sites in the genome
Regions with repeats of nine to eighty base pairs are referred to as: - Answer variable number
tandem repeats
Regions containing 2 to 5 base pair repeats are: - Answer short tandem repeats
today robotics use ____________ technologies that openbiological cells, selectively bind DNA to
magnetic beads, and then wash off the non-DNA components, leaving the purified DNA for
further analysis - Answer solid-phase
DNA standards and protocols - Answer - introduced in 1988
- arguments by scientists over practical applications and statistical calculations
- 1990s saw rapid increase in acceptance and usage
- by 1994, typing was firmly established from use in forensic investigations
CODIS - Answer - The DNA database (FBI - textbook)
- a database that stores DNA profiles of convicted individuals.
Double indexing system of DNA profiles - Answer - convicted offender index (contains sex
offenders and other violent crimes)
- Forensic index: contains profiles developed from crime scene evidence such as blood and
semen
DNA identification act enacted in: - Answer 1998
DNA idetification act - Answer - permitted the formation of the national DNA databank
- allowed judges to request blood, buccal or hair samples. this legislation became official on
june 30th 2000
Biological samples from convicted offenders can only be for: - Answer legal investigations
DNA is taken from offender: - Answer upon conviction, not arrest
Answers Graded A+ 2026 Updated.
Forensic biology incorporates related areas of - Answer - Bodily fluid identification (serology)
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis
Serology - Answer -Techniques are used to screen evidence items for the prescience and type
of body fluid disposition
- analyses and targets a the biochemicals and cells that define distinctive functional
characteristics of different body fluids: hemoglobin in blood and spermatozoa in semen
Deoxyribonucleic acid - Answer genetic information that dictates the firm and development
of an organism. A molecule found in almost all human cells
DNA is the genetic blueprint of: - Answer Life
Each strand of the helix is composed of: - Answer long chains of nucleotides, composedof a
phosphate group, a type of sugar called deoyribose, and one of four nitrogen-containing bases
4 bases of DNA - Answer Adenine(A), Thymine(T), Guanine(G), Cytosine(C)`
What 2 subunits form base pairs(BP) - Answer - Adenine(A) with Thymine(T)
- Guanine(G) with Cytosine(C)
Strands of DNA form codes of: - Answer proteins (genes) that provide genetic information in
the organism, like hair color, height, hair texture and skin
Human DNA contain approx.: - Answer 3 billion total number of base pairs
Chromosomes - Answer structures carrying molecular strands of DNA
Genome - Answer one cell collection of chromosomes
Humans inherit: - Answer a genome of 23 chromosomes from each parent for a total of 46.
Rosalind Franklin - Answer - died at 36
,- contributions to understanding DNA, including RNA viruses coal and graphite
- found being female is significant as oppurtunities were limited to women chemical structure of
DNA similarly to all cellular organisms.
First DNA case - Answer - Narborough England
- rape and murder of 2, 15yo girls
- in ealry 1980, Dr Jeffery's lab produced first "restricition fragment Length polymorphism" =
RFLP
Dr Alec Jeffery - Answer - Studied at Leicester University - England
- studying DNA variations and the evolution of gene families
- his interest and goal was to develop markers (a type of identification tag) to track the position
of these genes
RFLP - Answer Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
- Created 1980 in Dr. Jeffery's lab
- a molecular method of genetic analysis that allows individuals to be identified based on
unique patterns of restriction enzyme cutting in specific regions of DNA
1984 - Answer Jefferys developed and used the first DNA tests to be applied to a criminal
case
DNA Fingerprinting - Answer - first-generation typing system made by Dr.Jefferys.
- this method looks at sections of DNA located in different regions on different chromosomes
- multilocus typing system
DNA typing - Answer describes the system of assessing variations in sections of DNA for
analysis
DNA profiling - Answer the second generation typing system (a more recent development)
that looks at one area- a single locus- on a single chromosome. this is the method now in use for
forensic analysis
DNA profile - Answer most simply viewed as a set of numbers representing the DNA 'variants'
as target locations
DNA locations - Answer also known as 'Loci' and are the genetic equivalents of addresses or
postal codes
, genetic differences at loci are: - Answer variants or alleles
STR analysis - Answer a method of DNA profiling that compares the lengths of STR sequences
at specific sites in the genome
Regions with repeats of nine to eighty base pairs are referred to as: - Answer variable number
tandem repeats
Regions containing 2 to 5 base pair repeats are: - Answer short tandem repeats
today robotics use ____________ technologies that openbiological cells, selectively bind DNA to
magnetic beads, and then wash off the non-DNA components, leaving the purified DNA for
further analysis - Answer solid-phase
DNA standards and protocols - Answer - introduced in 1988
- arguments by scientists over practical applications and statistical calculations
- 1990s saw rapid increase in acceptance and usage
- by 1994, typing was firmly established from use in forensic investigations
CODIS - Answer - The DNA database (FBI - textbook)
- a database that stores DNA profiles of convicted individuals.
Double indexing system of DNA profiles - Answer - convicted offender index (contains sex
offenders and other violent crimes)
- Forensic index: contains profiles developed from crime scene evidence such as blood and
semen
DNA identification act enacted in: - Answer 1998
DNA idetification act - Answer - permitted the formation of the national DNA databank
- allowed judges to request blood, buccal or hair samples. this legislation became official on
june 30th 2000
Biological samples from convicted offenders can only be for: - Answer legal investigations
DNA is taken from offender: - Answer upon conviction, not arrest
