NUR 113 EXAM 1 MOCK TEST WITH ANSWER
RATIONALES 2026
◉ *Sensible water loss*.
Answer: Is measurable and/or perceived (e.g., urine, diarrhea,
ostomy, and gastric drainage). Can also occur through the skin
through perspiration. Perspiration varies based on temperature,
skeletal muscle activity, and metabolic activity.
◉ *Insensible water loss*.
Answer: Small amounts of water continuously *evaporate* from the
skin surface. This water loss called insensible perspiration, amounts
to approximately *500 mL daily in the average-sized adult*.
Insensible water loss varies with temperature, both body and
ambient. It occurs primarily by diffusion and evaporation through
the skin, but also from the lungs. Insensible loss increases with open
wounds, burns, or other breaks in the protective layer of the skin.
◉ • Unbroken and healthy skin and mucous membranes defend
against harmful agents.
• Resistance to injury is affected by age, amount of underlying
tissues, and illness.
• Adequately nourished and hydrated body cells are resistant to
injury.
,• Adequate circulation is necessary to maintain cell life.
- Decreased mobility can alter skin integrity..
Answer: Factors Affecting the Skin:
◉ *In children younger than 2 years:* The skin is thinner and
weaker than it is in adults.
An *infant's skin and mucous membranes* are easily injured and
subject to infection; a *child's skin* becomes increasingly resistant
to injury and infection.
The structure of the skin changes as a person *ages*; the maturation
of epidermal cells is prolonged, leading to thin, easily damaged skin.
Circulation and collagen formation are impaired, leading to
decreased elasticity and increased risk for tissue damage from
pressure..
Answer: Developmental Considerations:
◉ • Very thin and very obese people are more susceptible to skin
injury.
- Fluid loss during illness causes dehydration.
- Skin appears loose and flabby.
, • Excessive perspiration during illness predisposes skin to
breakdown.
• Jaundice causes yellowish, itchy skin.
• Diseases of the skin, such as eczema and psoriasis, may cause
lesions that require special care.
*Skin assessment is KEY*.
Answer: Causes of Skin Alterations:
◉ - Intentional (*surgical incision*) or unintentional (burns, skin
tears, *pressure ulcers*)
- Open or closed (may be a deep tissue injury, bruised appearance)
- Acute (new, short term) or chronic
- Partial thickness, full thickness, complex.
Answer: Types of Wounds:
◉ *Intact skin* is the first line of defense against microorganisms.
*Careful hand hygiene* is used in caring for a wound. WEAR
GLOVES.
*An adequate blood supply is essential* for normal body response to
injury.
RATIONALES 2026
◉ *Sensible water loss*.
Answer: Is measurable and/or perceived (e.g., urine, diarrhea,
ostomy, and gastric drainage). Can also occur through the skin
through perspiration. Perspiration varies based on temperature,
skeletal muscle activity, and metabolic activity.
◉ *Insensible water loss*.
Answer: Small amounts of water continuously *evaporate* from the
skin surface. This water loss called insensible perspiration, amounts
to approximately *500 mL daily in the average-sized adult*.
Insensible water loss varies with temperature, both body and
ambient. It occurs primarily by diffusion and evaporation through
the skin, but also from the lungs. Insensible loss increases with open
wounds, burns, or other breaks in the protective layer of the skin.
◉ • Unbroken and healthy skin and mucous membranes defend
against harmful agents.
• Resistance to injury is affected by age, amount of underlying
tissues, and illness.
• Adequately nourished and hydrated body cells are resistant to
injury.
,• Adequate circulation is necessary to maintain cell life.
- Decreased mobility can alter skin integrity..
Answer: Factors Affecting the Skin:
◉ *In children younger than 2 years:* The skin is thinner and
weaker than it is in adults.
An *infant's skin and mucous membranes* are easily injured and
subject to infection; a *child's skin* becomes increasingly resistant
to injury and infection.
The structure of the skin changes as a person *ages*; the maturation
of epidermal cells is prolonged, leading to thin, easily damaged skin.
Circulation and collagen formation are impaired, leading to
decreased elasticity and increased risk for tissue damage from
pressure..
Answer: Developmental Considerations:
◉ • Very thin and very obese people are more susceptible to skin
injury.
- Fluid loss during illness causes dehydration.
- Skin appears loose and flabby.
, • Excessive perspiration during illness predisposes skin to
breakdown.
• Jaundice causes yellowish, itchy skin.
• Diseases of the skin, such as eczema and psoriasis, may cause
lesions that require special care.
*Skin assessment is KEY*.
Answer: Causes of Skin Alterations:
◉ - Intentional (*surgical incision*) or unintentional (burns, skin
tears, *pressure ulcers*)
- Open or closed (may be a deep tissue injury, bruised appearance)
- Acute (new, short term) or chronic
- Partial thickness, full thickness, complex.
Answer: Types of Wounds:
◉ *Intact skin* is the first line of defense against microorganisms.
*Careful hand hygiene* is used in caring for a wound. WEAR
GLOVES.
*An adequate blood supply is essential* for normal body response to
injury.
