NUR 104 EXAM 2 PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS 2026
◉ bacteriuria.
Answer: presence of bacteria in the urine
◉ dysuria.
Answer: painful urination resulting from bacterial infection of the
bladder and obstructive conditions of the urethra
◉ nocturia.
Answer: urination at night; can be a system of renal disease or may
occur in persons who drink excessive amounts of fluids before
bedtime
◉ hematuria.
Answer: abnormal presence of blood in the urine
◉ proteinuria.
Answer: presence in the urine of abnormally large quantities of
protein, usually albumin. Persistent proteinuria is usually a sign of
renal disease or renal complications of another disease,
hypertension or heart failure
,◉ cystitis.
Answer: an irritated bladder. Causes a frequent and urgent sensation
of the need to void
◉ polyuria.
Answer: an excessive output of urine
◉ oliguria.
Answer: urine output that is decreased despite normal intake. Often
occurs when fluid loss through other means (e.g. perspiration,
diarrhea, or vomiting) increases. Also occurs in early kidney disease.
◉ diuresis.
Answer: increased rate of formation and excretion of urine
◉ hyperactive/overactive bladder.
Answer: common bladder complaint that occurs more frequently
with aging and includes the symptoms of urgency, frequency,
nocturia, and urge incontinence
◉ meatus.
Answer: a natural body opening or canal
,◉ micturition.
Answer: urination; act of passing or expelling urine voluntarily
through the urethra
◉ catheterization.
Answer: introduction of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to
inject or remove fluid
◉ nephron.
Answer: structural and functional units of the kidney containing
renal glomeruli and tubules
◉ nephrostomy.
Answer: procedure whereby a tube is placed directly into the renal
pelvis to drain urine directly from one or both kidneys
◉ nocturnal enuresis.
Answer: nighttime voiding without awakening
◉ overflow incontenience.
Answer: occurs when a bladder is overly full and bladder pressure
exceeds sphincter pressure, resulting in involuntary leakage of urine
, ◉ pelvic floor exercises (Kegel exercises).
Answer: improve the strength of pelvic floor muscles and consist of
repetitive contractions of muscle groups
◉ pyelonephritis.
Answer: infection of the kidneys (upper urinary tract)
◉ reflex incontinence.
Answer: condition causes loss of voluntary control of urination; but
the micturition reflex pathway often remains intact, allowing
urination to occur without sensation of the need to void.
◉ renal calculus.
Answer: kidney stone
◉ renal replacement therapy.
Answer: term used to encompass life-supporting treatments for
renal failure. It includes: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis,
hemofiltration and renal transplantation.
◉ residual urine.
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS 2026
◉ bacteriuria.
Answer: presence of bacteria in the urine
◉ dysuria.
Answer: painful urination resulting from bacterial infection of the
bladder and obstructive conditions of the urethra
◉ nocturia.
Answer: urination at night; can be a system of renal disease or may
occur in persons who drink excessive amounts of fluids before
bedtime
◉ hematuria.
Answer: abnormal presence of blood in the urine
◉ proteinuria.
Answer: presence in the urine of abnormally large quantities of
protein, usually albumin. Persistent proteinuria is usually a sign of
renal disease or renal complications of another disease,
hypertension or heart failure
,◉ cystitis.
Answer: an irritated bladder. Causes a frequent and urgent sensation
of the need to void
◉ polyuria.
Answer: an excessive output of urine
◉ oliguria.
Answer: urine output that is decreased despite normal intake. Often
occurs when fluid loss through other means (e.g. perspiration,
diarrhea, or vomiting) increases. Also occurs in early kidney disease.
◉ diuresis.
Answer: increased rate of formation and excretion of urine
◉ hyperactive/overactive bladder.
Answer: common bladder complaint that occurs more frequently
with aging and includes the symptoms of urgency, frequency,
nocturia, and urge incontinence
◉ meatus.
Answer: a natural body opening or canal
,◉ micturition.
Answer: urination; act of passing or expelling urine voluntarily
through the urethra
◉ catheterization.
Answer: introduction of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to
inject or remove fluid
◉ nephron.
Answer: structural and functional units of the kidney containing
renal glomeruli and tubules
◉ nephrostomy.
Answer: procedure whereby a tube is placed directly into the renal
pelvis to drain urine directly from one or both kidneys
◉ nocturnal enuresis.
Answer: nighttime voiding without awakening
◉ overflow incontenience.
Answer: occurs when a bladder is overly full and bladder pressure
exceeds sphincter pressure, resulting in involuntary leakage of urine
, ◉ pelvic floor exercises (Kegel exercises).
Answer: improve the strength of pelvic floor muscles and consist of
repetitive contractions of muscle groups
◉ pyelonephritis.
Answer: infection of the kidneys (upper urinary tract)
◉ reflex incontinence.
Answer: condition causes loss of voluntary control of urination; but
the micturition reflex pathway often remains intact, allowing
urination to occur without sensation of the need to void.
◉ renal calculus.
Answer: kidney stone
◉ renal replacement therapy.
Answer: term used to encompass life-supporting treatments for
renal failure. It includes: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis,
hemofiltration and renal transplantation.
◉ residual urine.
