Life Span Mid-Term Review (Jersey College) Questions and answers correct

Life Span Mid-Term Review (Jersey College) Questions and answers correct life span According to the __________perspective views human development as occurring throughout the individual's lifetime. Freud Who was the founder of the psychoanalytic perspective? the id According to Freud, which aspect of our personality is present at birth? psychoanalytic According to _______ theory, external limits are internalized and conflict with inner forces. The child's observable behavior, thoughts, and feelings reflect the outcomes of these battles. stage theories Both Freud's and Erikson's psychoanalytic theories are: psychosexual In Freud's psychoanalytical theory, there are five proposed stages of _____________development. emphasizes social relationships more than sexual or aggressive instincts. Erikson's psychosocial theory deviates from Freud's psychosexual theory in that Erikson: classical conditioning Kareem laughs whenever his neck is touched. Now his mommy says "gotcha" before touching his neck. Eventually, as soon as his mommy says "gotcha," Kareem starts to laugh. This is an example of: genetics The field of biology that studies heredity is called: genes Chromosomes contain thousands of segments called: 46; 23 A normal human cell contains___ chromosomes organized into ____pairs 23 Of the 46 chromosomes in a normal human cell, how many are contributed by the mother? new cells with identical DNA are created. During mitosis: 23 How many chromosomes does a cell created during meiosis contain? the sex chromosome received from the father What factor determines the sex of a child? monozygotic twins Which pair of relatives has the most similar genetic material? the recessive trait will develop in the child If an individual gets a recessive trait for eye color from both parents: phenotype The actual characteristics or traits that a person displays are referred to as their: operant conditioning If we reinforce an infant for engaging in a behavior, what kind of learning approach are we utilizing? The embyonic stage Which of the following is the second stage of prenatal development? a. The germinal stage b. The embyonic stage c. The fetal stage d. None of the above All are considered teratogens Which of the following would NOT be considered a teratogen? a. Parental smoking b. Maternal smoking c. Alcohol d. All are considered teratogens germinal The period from conception to implantation is called the _______________________stage of prenatal development. Embryonic Which stage of prenatal development is the baby at MOST risk to teratogens? Cross-sectional methods Which of the following research methods has the disadvantage of the "cohort effect"? false labor contractions that can begin as early as the sixth month of pregnancy What are "Braxton-Hicks" contractions? three Developmentalists usually categorize labor into _____ stages. The first stage Wilma is currently in labor, as she gets ready to deliver her baby. She is in the longest stage of labor, which is marked by uterine contractions and changes to her cervix. Which stage of labor is Wilma experiencing? ends with the birth of the baby The second stage of childbirth all of these conditions are likely to prompt an episiotomy When is an episiotomy most likely to be performed? a. during the second stage of the birthing process. b. if the fetal heartbeat drops for an extended period of time. c. when the infant is too large to be born without tearing the area between the mother's birth canal and anus. d. all of these conditions are likely to prompt an episiotomy midwife The use of a(n) ____________to assist a pregnant woman with childbirth is followed in many less developed nations, but rarely opted for in the United States and other developed countries. local anesthesia Anya was given an injection into her spinal canal, which temporarily numbed her body below the waist. neonate Another term for a newborn is: the Lamaze method Which of the following is used in "prepared childbirth"? she should elect for a Cesarean delivery Margie is a mother who is HIV positive. If she wants to reduce the risk of transmitting HIV to her baby, anoxia Which of the following terms means "without oxygen?" hypoxia Which of the following terms is derived from roots that mean "under" and "oxygen"? a fine downy hair that covers the skin of some newborns What is lanugo? a white oily substance that covers that skin of some newborns What is vernix? Research now shows that preterm infants benefit from stimulation such as cuddling and rocking How should preterm babies be handled? an increased surge of estrogen following birth Postpartum depression is thought to be caused by: postpartum depression with psychotic features A new mother is experiencing a break with reality and is having hallucinations. What may be wrong? The Moro reflex If you change a baby's position, and the infant's reaction is to arch the back, fling the arms and legs out, and then bring them back toward the chest, what reflex has occurred? the child grasps objects pressed against the inside of his/her hand with four fingers. With the palmar reflex: Babinski reflex When neonate fans her toes in response to stroking of the foot from heel to toes, this is called: sweet flavors Which of the following taste profiles tends to have a calming effect on infants? a. sour flavors b. bitter flavors c. salty flavors d. sweet flavors cephalocaudal Which sequence of development means "from head to tail"? a. dorsolinear b. proximodistal c. centrosuperior d. cephalocaudal proximodistal Which sequence of development means "from the center outward"? differentiation The tendency of behavior to become more specific and distinct is called: 2 years of age Boys will reach about half of their adult height by: can be created by a combination of organic and non-organic causes Failure to thrive do not offer the same immune system benefits Compared to breast milk, formulas: it leads to healthier teeth and gums Benefits to the mother who breastfeeds include all but which of the following? dendrite You use your phone to receive text messages. Which part of the neuron performs this function? axon You use your phone to transmit a message to another person. Which part of the neuron performs this function? Multiple Sclerosis ___________is caused by the replacement of myelin with a hard fibrous tissue that disrupts neural communications. it allows for electrical messages in the neuron to be conducted more efficiently What does myelin do? medulla Marla's brain cannot control her heartbeat and respiratory activities. Which part of her brain might be damaged? cerebrum Which part of the brain allows for learning, thought, language and memory? allows neonates to show stereotyped reflexes Myelination of motor pathways: head Over which body part will infants first gain control? ulnar grasp Maggie holding a toy clumsily, using only her fingers and palm. This is an example of: the pincer grasp Use of the thumb to assist in picking up small objects is referred to as: crawl Ben is 7 months old. Which of following is he probably not yet able to do? have poor peripheral vision Newborns: assimilation D.C. has learned that his ball is called a toy. When he sees a round light bulb, he calls it a "toy". This is an accommodation Latifa knows that kittens are animals. Her mother tells her that puppies are also animals. Latifa then changes her scheme of animals to include puppies. In changing her scheme to incorporate the new information, Latifa is using: sensorimotor During the ______stage of development, according to Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory, infants progress from responding to events with reflexes, or ready-made schemes, to goal-oriented behavior. secondary circular reaction Emma is 7-months-old. She repeatedly shakes a rattle so it will make a noise she likes. This is an example of: that the child has a mental representation of the object in mind If an infant reaches for a toy hidden under a cloth, what does this suggest? by 12 months By what age will a child demonstrate tertiary circular reactions? a recognition that things exist even when they are out of sight Object permanence refers to: a child may reach for a hidden object where it has always been, yet still reach there even when they see the toy hidden somewhere else What does the phrase "A not B error" mean? deferred imitation Jocelyn watches as her mother puts her toys in a basket. Three weeks later, after never having engaged in this behavior, Jocelyn attempts to put her toys in the basket. This illustrates: memory Emily adjusts her rate of sucking in order to hear a recording of her mother reading "The Cat in the Hat," a story her mother read aloud during pregnancy. What does this illustrate? between 2-6 months of age When does the first dramatic improvement in infant memory occur? The Bayley scales Which of the following is a measure of infant "intelligence"? mental and motor abilities In its simplest sense, the Bayley Scales measure: