Ivy Tech APHY 201 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers

Ivy Tech APHY 201 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers


Question 1:
External body surfaces are...
Answer:
....continuous with the external environment


Question 2:
What are the 6 external body surfaces?
Answer:
....1) Nasal and oral passages


Question 3:
6) Ducts of exocrine glands
Internal body surfaces can only be accessed...
Answer:
....from an internal body fluid or
by transport across an external membrane


Question 4:
What are the 3 internal body surfaces?
Answer:
....1) Cell membranes of cells within the body


Question 5:
3) Serous and connective tissue membranes Membranes divide the body into compartments
that...
Answer:
....maintain separate chemical environments


Question 6:
What is the external face of the membrane?
Answer:
....the surface facing the environment outside of the body

,Question 7:
What is the apical (or huminal) face of the membrane?
Answer:
....the surface facing the lumen of a hallow structure


Question 8:
What is the basolateral face of the membrane?
Answer:
....the surface facing the intestinal environment


Question 9:
What are the 7 fluid compartments of the body?
Answer:
....1) Blood plasma and lymph


Question 10:
7) Chambers in eyeballs and ears
Intracellular fluid contains how much of the body's water?
Answer:
....2/3 (28L)


Question 11:
Extracellular fluid contains how much of the body's water?
Answer:
....1/3 (14L) (3L
blood plasma, 11L interstitial fluid)


Question 12:
Filtration
Answer:
....Pressure driven (blood pressure and fluid hydrostatic pressure)


Question 13:
Diffusion
Answer:
....Driven by concentration gradients

,Question 14:
Osmosis
Answer:
....Driven by concentration gradients of solutes (only water)


Question 15:
Routes of water loss
Answer:
....1) Evaporation from skin and moist membranes, sweat (+/- 900mL)


Question 16:
3) Urine (+/- 1.5L) Routes of water gains
Answer:
....1) Food, beverages (+/- 2.25L)


Question 17:
2) Metabolism (+/- 250mL)
Primary receptors of the thirst mechanism
Answer:
....Hypothalamic receptor neurons signal the thirst center when blood plasma osmolarity > 280
mOsm


Question 18:
Secondary receptors of the thirst mechanism
Answer:
....Osmoreceptors in the mouth detect low volume and increase concentration of saliva


Question 19:
Integrating center
Answer:
....Hypothalamic thirst center


Question 20:
Stimulation of the thirst center causes...
Answer:
....1) Stimulation of water-seeking behaviors through the cerebral

, Question 21:
2) Increased water conservation by the kidneys, through ADH from the posterior pituitary
Answer:
cortex


Question 22:
Temporary cessation of thirst
Answer:
....Moistening of oral osmoreceptors (inhibits hypothalamic thirst center only as long as the
mouth remains moist)


Question 23:
Long term cessation of thirst
Answer:
....Return to normal plasma osmolarity (strongly inhibits thirst center; as long as plasma
osmolarity remains normal, thirst is fully inhibited)


Question 24:
Renal response
Answer:
....Cannot fix dehydration; only reduces water loss (reduces
filtrate formation and increases water absorption from the urine)


Question 25:
Hypothalamic compensations for overhydration
Answer:
....Plasma osmolarity < 280 mOsm strongly inhibits thirst by quieting receptor neurons


Question 26:
Renal Response compensations for overhydration
Answer:
....Increase water loss in urine by increasing filtrate formation and inhibiting water absorption
from the urine