APHON Chemo Course Questions with Correct Answers
Question 1:
apoptosis
Answer:
natural cell death
Question 2:
necrosis
Answer:
cell death that results from an insult, such as a lack of blood supply, physical trauma, or
cytotoxic therapy that leads to rupture of the cell membrane and spilling of cell contents
Question 3:
malignant cells
Answer:
cells that do not have a finite number of cell divisions as normal cells do; lost the ability to
undergo apoptosis; can keep replicating and dividing indefinitely
Question 4:
aberrant cell division
Answer:
the primary characteristic of malignant cells
Question 5:
tumor suppression genes
Answer:
these keep normal cellular growth in check by regulating cell division, DNA repair, and
apoptosis; if damaged or absent, cells lack the appropriate growth-inhibiting signals and grow
out of control
Question 6:
nadir
Answer:
the period of time after a course of chemotherapy in which the patients blood counts are
lowest
,Question 7:
physical barrier
Answer:
the first layer of defense that provides protective immunity through anatomic barriers; ex. skin,
mucous membranes
Question 8:
innate passive immunity
Answer:
the second layer of defense that provides rapid, nonspecific response to invading pathogens
Question 9:
adaptive acquired immunity
Answer:
the third layer of defense
Question 10:
tumor marker
Answer:
a characteristic feature or byproduct of a tumor cell that serves as a useful indication of tumor
cell origin or tumor activity
Question 11:
risk stratification
Answer:
allows for tailoring therapy after consideration of factors beyond those traditional staging
systems; this approach allows for early intensification of treatment
Question 12:
pharmacokinetics
Answer:
the movement of a drug in the body and studies how the body affects the administered drug
Question 13:
pharmacogenetics
Answer:
the study of how a person's genetic makeup affects that person's response to drug therapy
, Question 14:
surgery
Answer:
often used as a method for treating cancer with the primary goal being to reduce the tumor
burden so that any remaining cancer cells can be more effectively destroyed by host
immunologic factors, chemo, or immunotherapy
Question 15:
resection
Answer:
surgical treatment of a tumor by removing it
Question 16:
complete resection
Answer:
surgical treatment that involves the removal of all visible and microscopic evidence of the
tumor
Question 17:
partial resection
Answer:
surgical debulking that involves resecting a portion of the tumor because the entire mass
cannot be completely or safely removed
Question 18:
chemotherapy
Answer:
drug therapy aimed at reducing visible tumor volume by cytotoxic effects and preventing tumor
cell division and spread; agents are designed to kill malignant cells during different phases of
the cell cycle
Question 19:
radiation therapy
Answer:
the goal of treatment is to target the tumor for destruction while sparing the surrounding
tissues
Question 1:
apoptosis
Answer:
natural cell death
Question 2:
necrosis
Answer:
cell death that results from an insult, such as a lack of blood supply, physical trauma, or
cytotoxic therapy that leads to rupture of the cell membrane and spilling of cell contents
Question 3:
malignant cells
Answer:
cells that do not have a finite number of cell divisions as normal cells do; lost the ability to
undergo apoptosis; can keep replicating and dividing indefinitely
Question 4:
aberrant cell division
Answer:
the primary characteristic of malignant cells
Question 5:
tumor suppression genes
Answer:
these keep normal cellular growth in check by regulating cell division, DNA repair, and
apoptosis; if damaged or absent, cells lack the appropriate growth-inhibiting signals and grow
out of control
Question 6:
nadir
Answer:
the period of time after a course of chemotherapy in which the patients blood counts are
lowest
,Question 7:
physical barrier
Answer:
the first layer of defense that provides protective immunity through anatomic barriers; ex. skin,
mucous membranes
Question 8:
innate passive immunity
Answer:
the second layer of defense that provides rapid, nonspecific response to invading pathogens
Question 9:
adaptive acquired immunity
Answer:
the third layer of defense
Question 10:
tumor marker
Answer:
a characteristic feature or byproduct of a tumor cell that serves as a useful indication of tumor
cell origin or tumor activity
Question 11:
risk stratification
Answer:
allows for tailoring therapy after consideration of factors beyond those traditional staging
systems; this approach allows for early intensification of treatment
Question 12:
pharmacokinetics
Answer:
the movement of a drug in the body and studies how the body affects the administered drug
Question 13:
pharmacogenetics
Answer:
the study of how a person's genetic makeup affects that person's response to drug therapy
, Question 14:
surgery
Answer:
often used as a method for treating cancer with the primary goal being to reduce the tumor
burden so that any remaining cancer cells can be more effectively destroyed by host
immunologic factors, chemo, or immunotherapy
Question 15:
resection
Answer:
surgical treatment of a tumor by removing it
Question 16:
complete resection
Answer:
surgical treatment that involves the removal of all visible and microscopic evidence of the
tumor
Question 17:
partial resection
Answer:
surgical debulking that involves resecting a portion of the tumor because the entire mass
cannot be completely or safely removed
Question 18:
chemotherapy
Answer:
drug therapy aimed at reducing visible tumor volume by cytotoxic effects and preventing tumor
cell division and spread; agents are designed to kill malignant cells during different phases of
the cell cycle
Question 19:
radiation therapy
Answer:
the goal of treatment is to target the tumor for destruction while sparing the surrounding
tissues
