MMSC 220 EXAM 2 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
Alphonse Bertillon - Answers - Anthropometry detailed description of individual using
precise body measurements
Francis Galton - Answers - Described minutiae (also known as Galton details)
Fingerprint admissibility in court - Answers - Permanency, Individuality
Friction ridges - Answers - Produce the black lines seen in fingerprints
Dermal Papillae - Answers - Boundary of cells separating the epidermis from the dermis
How many ridges characteristics needed for a match - Answers - 8 to 16 have been
suggested
Loop - Answers - Ridge lines that enter from one side of pattern and curve around to
exist from the same side
How many deltas does a loop have - Answers - On
Ulnar loop - Answers - Ridges enter from and point to the little pinky finger
Radial loop - Answers - Ridges enter from and point to the thumb
How many percentage of people have loop fingers - Answers - 60-65%
Whorl - Answers - Ridge pattern that is generally rounded or circular and have two or
more deltas
Percentage of people with whorl fingers - Answers - 30-35%
Arches - Answers - Ridges enter on one side of print and exit on the other
Percentage of people with arches - Answers - 5-10%
Biometrics - Answers - Includes not only fingerprints but also palm prints, irises and
facial recognition
FBIs criminal justice information services (CJIS) - Answers - Division developed NGI as
an incremental replacement of IAFIS
Patent prints - Answers - Visible prints (finger deposits a visible substance), Plastic print
(fingerprint impression into a soft surface)
Alphonse Bertillon - Answers - Anthropometry detailed description of individual using
precise body measurements
Francis Galton - Answers - Described minutiae (also known as Galton details)
Fingerprint admissibility in court - Answers - Permanency, Individuality
Friction ridges - Answers - Produce the black lines seen in fingerprints
Dermal Papillae - Answers - Boundary of cells separating the epidermis from the dermis
How many ridges characteristics needed for a match - Answers - 8 to 16 have been
suggested
Loop - Answers - Ridge lines that enter from one side of pattern and curve around to
exist from the same side
How many deltas does a loop have - Answers - On
Ulnar loop - Answers - Ridges enter from and point to the little pinky finger
Radial loop - Answers - Ridges enter from and point to the thumb
How many percentage of people have loop fingers - Answers - 60-65%
Whorl - Answers - Ridge pattern that is generally rounded or circular and have two or
more deltas
Percentage of people with whorl fingers - Answers - 30-35%
Arches - Answers - Ridges enter on one side of print and exit on the other
Percentage of people with arches - Answers - 5-10%
Biometrics - Answers - Includes not only fingerprints but also palm prints, irises and
facial recognition
FBIs criminal justice information services (CJIS) - Answers - Division developed NGI as
an incremental replacement of IAFIS
Patent prints - Answers - Visible prints (finger deposits a visible substance), Plastic print
(fingerprint impression into a soft surface)
