Global systems and governance
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gec0y3
1. Globalisation Increasing interconnectedness of the world through flows of money, people,
technology and information.
- Describes process of opening up world trade and markets to TNCs + an inter-
connected world.
2. Dimensions of Flows of information, technology, capital
globalisation - Cheap, reliable and near instantaneous communication between virtually the
entire world allows info and capital to be shared at unprecedented levels
- Money flows electronically around the world. Highly Developed Economies
(HDEs) invest in LDEs to take advantage of cheaper production costs.
- The internet and associated mobile tech largely ignores political boundaries
when connecting people and places
- Countries like India provide a range of financial and IT services for higher income
countries. (outsourcing)
Flows of products and labour
- Global transport systems have never been cheaper/ more efficient in moving
both people and goods
- High speed rail networks (HS1 in UK), international hubs (Dubai airport 86M
passengers in 2019) have revolutionised travel
- People move around world for employment, including specialised workers, eg:
they move between different countries for a TNC on a short term basis.
- Tourists now travel increasing distances to more remote locations, encouraged
by global marketing + low cost flights
Flows of Services + global marketing
- Global marketing services follow the flows of capital, info, people and products
- Marketing is now globalised and uses strategies to deliver global imagery/mes-
, Global systems and governance
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gec0y3
sages. eg: TNCs use same adverts to promote their products in different coun-
tries.
- Global products like Coca Cola/ Nike rely on a common global brand with the
same identity globally
Patterns of production, distribution
- TNCs dictate where their products are made, usually LDEs where cheap labour
- Products distributed worldwide to meet demands of consumers in HDEs.
3. Factors causing New technology, communication and information systems
globalisation - Info can be shared easily and cheaply easily around the world
- Mobile phones one of the most important technologies for LDEs as they connect
different people, markets and so trade in ways that weren't previously possible.
Global financial systems
- Banks and financial services operate across the world. Linked by transmissions
systems that allow lending and flows of money
- The 2007 collapse of US house prices led to a credit squeeze (banks didn't want
to lend money) and then a global banking crisis in 2008.
Transport systems
- World has never been more accessible. Global transport network allows move-
ment of people and goods globally.
- New opportunities and threats (eg: spread of diseases)
Security
- As national boundaries have become less of a barrier, traditional security mea-
sures have reduced in significance.
- High profile leaks of sensitive info has brought the issue of cybersecurity due to
our reliance on information systems. eg: NHS 2017 cyber attack disrupted over
, Global systems and governance
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gec0y3
80 hospital trusts, costing £92M
Trade agreements
- Without global trading rules, countries would resist some foreign imports whilst
favouring others
- The World Trade Organisation (WTO) oversees 98% of world trade. It provides
a forum for negotiations + ensures that trade agreements are followed.
4. Interdepen- - British empire created colonies in USA, Canada, India etc.
dence - British - Between 1815 and 1914, 400M added to the empire.
empire - British laws and religion was imposed, sometimes by force. These colonies
'served' the needs of the empire.
- They sought to extract as much wealth as possible from the land and people
- Not until after WW2 it was dismantled and replaced by commonwealth (voluntary
organisation)
- Interdependence as colonies supplied raw materials + resources for Britain,
whilst relying on the Royal Navy for defence and Britain for manufactured goods
5. Uganda and - Landlocked country, East Africa, lies within Nile basin
global systems - Shouldn't be a poor country - green and fertile land + plenty of resources: copper
introduction and cobalt
- But civil war, corruption HIV/AIDS have all prevented development (1.4M live with
HIV/AIDS, 2023)
- Nearly 1/3rd of its population live below poverty line
, Global systems and governance
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gec0y3
- Only 63 years life expectancy 2014
Have global systems worked for/again interests of Uganda and its people?
6. Uganda inequal- - Poverty is greatest in rural North, mostly subsistence farmers
ities and injus- - When British empire ruled Uganda, the British East Africa company strongly
tices influenced the country's exports.
- Low valued primary goods eg: coffee, tea, cotton were exported around the
empire + still makes up 80% of their total exports
- Fish from Lake Victoria is one of its most profitable exports but this trade is
unsustainable.
- Overfishing + the predatory Nile Perch - introduced by the British - resulted in
stocks of indigenous fish being reduced to extinction levels.
- Caused fish factories to close + associated knock on effect to the local economy.
Only 15/20 still operational but more expected to close.
7. Uganda stability, - Shambas: the smallholdings owned by subsistence farmers are an unlikely
growth and de- location see positives of globalisation
velopment - Mobile phone antennae on top of farm buildings are evidence of recent tech-
nological changes
- Installation of fixed cables in Uganda is cost prohibitive but cheap wireless
technology means that internet access is possible even in rural areas.
- 'Village phone' model offers loans to people wishing to start a mobile phone
business.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gec0y3
1. Globalisation Increasing interconnectedness of the world through flows of money, people,
technology and information.
- Describes process of opening up world trade and markets to TNCs + an inter-
connected world.
2. Dimensions of Flows of information, technology, capital
globalisation - Cheap, reliable and near instantaneous communication between virtually the
entire world allows info and capital to be shared at unprecedented levels
- Money flows electronically around the world. Highly Developed Economies
(HDEs) invest in LDEs to take advantage of cheaper production costs.
- The internet and associated mobile tech largely ignores political boundaries
when connecting people and places
- Countries like India provide a range of financial and IT services for higher income
countries. (outsourcing)
Flows of products and labour
- Global transport systems have never been cheaper/ more efficient in moving
both people and goods
- High speed rail networks (HS1 in UK), international hubs (Dubai airport 86M
passengers in 2019) have revolutionised travel
- People move around world for employment, including specialised workers, eg:
they move between different countries for a TNC on a short term basis.
- Tourists now travel increasing distances to more remote locations, encouraged
by global marketing + low cost flights
Flows of Services + global marketing
- Global marketing services follow the flows of capital, info, people and products
- Marketing is now globalised and uses strategies to deliver global imagery/mes-
, Global systems and governance
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gec0y3
sages. eg: TNCs use same adverts to promote their products in different coun-
tries.
- Global products like Coca Cola/ Nike rely on a common global brand with the
same identity globally
Patterns of production, distribution
- TNCs dictate where their products are made, usually LDEs where cheap labour
- Products distributed worldwide to meet demands of consumers in HDEs.
3. Factors causing New technology, communication and information systems
globalisation - Info can be shared easily and cheaply easily around the world
- Mobile phones one of the most important technologies for LDEs as they connect
different people, markets and so trade in ways that weren't previously possible.
Global financial systems
- Banks and financial services operate across the world. Linked by transmissions
systems that allow lending and flows of money
- The 2007 collapse of US house prices led to a credit squeeze (banks didn't want
to lend money) and then a global banking crisis in 2008.
Transport systems
- World has never been more accessible. Global transport network allows move-
ment of people and goods globally.
- New opportunities and threats (eg: spread of diseases)
Security
- As national boundaries have become less of a barrier, traditional security mea-
sures have reduced in significance.
- High profile leaks of sensitive info has brought the issue of cybersecurity due to
our reliance on information systems. eg: NHS 2017 cyber attack disrupted over
, Global systems and governance
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gec0y3
80 hospital trusts, costing £92M
Trade agreements
- Without global trading rules, countries would resist some foreign imports whilst
favouring others
- The World Trade Organisation (WTO) oversees 98% of world trade. It provides
a forum for negotiations + ensures that trade agreements are followed.
4. Interdepen- - British empire created colonies in USA, Canada, India etc.
dence - British - Between 1815 and 1914, 400M added to the empire.
empire - British laws and religion was imposed, sometimes by force. These colonies
'served' the needs of the empire.
- They sought to extract as much wealth as possible from the land and people
- Not until after WW2 it was dismantled and replaced by commonwealth (voluntary
organisation)
- Interdependence as colonies supplied raw materials + resources for Britain,
whilst relying on the Royal Navy for defence and Britain for manufactured goods
5. Uganda and - Landlocked country, East Africa, lies within Nile basin
global systems - Shouldn't be a poor country - green and fertile land + plenty of resources: copper
introduction and cobalt
- But civil war, corruption HIV/AIDS have all prevented development (1.4M live with
HIV/AIDS, 2023)
- Nearly 1/3rd of its population live below poverty line
, Global systems and governance
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gec0y3
- Only 63 years life expectancy 2014
Have global systems worked for/again interests of Uganda and its people?
6. Uganda inequal- - Poverty is greatest in rural North, mostly subsistence farmers
ities and injus- - When British empire ruled Uganda, the British East Africa company strongly
tices influenced the country's exports.
- Low valued primary goods eg: coffee, tea, cotton were exported around the
empire + still makes up 80% of their total exports
- Fish from Lake Victoria is one of its most profitable exports but this trade is
unsustainable.
- Overfishing + the predatory Nile Perch - introduced by the British - resulted in
stocks of indigenous fish being reduced to extinction levels.
- Caused fish factories to close + associated knock on effect to the local economy.
Only 15/20 still operational but more expected to close.
7. Uganda stability, - Shambas: the smallholdings owned by subsistence farmers are an unlikely
growth and de- location see positives of globalisation
velopment - Mobile phone antennae on top of farm buildings are evidence of recent tech-
nological changes
- Installation of fixed cables in Uganda is cost prohibitive but cheap wireless
technology means that internet access is possible even in rural areas.
- 'Village phone' model offers loans to people wishing to start a mobile phone
business.
