SECTION 1: BASIC PHARMACOLOGY PRINCIPLES
QUESTION 1
A patient is prescribed an antibiotic to treat a urinary tract infection. What statement by
the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "I will drink more fluids to help clear up the infection."
B) "I can stop the medication as soon as the symptoms have disappeared."
C) "I will stop the medication and contact the doctor if I develop a rash."
D) "I should immediately report vaginal itching or discharge."
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Patients must complete the entire course of antibiotics, even if symptoms
resolve, to prevent resistance . Stopping early promotes bacterial resistance and
recurrence.
QUESTION 2
Condition in which the body adapts to a drug and requires subsequently higher dosage
to achieve the same effect:
A) Dependence
B) Withdrawal
C) Addiction
D) Tolerance
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: Tolerance is a physiologic state where higher doses are needed to produce
the same effect . It is distinct from addiction (psychological dependence) and withdrawal
(physical symptoms upon discontinuation).
, QUESTION 3
The CDC recommends that before entering a patient's room, the nurse should do what?
A) Wash hands with an antibacterial soap and water.
B) Wash hands with cold water.
C) Use an alcohol-based hand rub.
D) Wash hands with chlorhexidine and water.
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: The CDC recommends alcohol-based hand rub for routine hand antisepsis
unless hands are visibly soiled . For C. difficile, soap and water are required as spores are
resistant to alcohol.
SECTION 2: RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, GOUT &
OSTEOPOROSIS
QUESTION 4
A patient is prescribed Methotrexate for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Which supplement
should the nurse expect to be added to the therapy?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Folic Acid
C) Calcium
D) Vitamin D
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Methotrexate is a folate antagonist; folic acid is given to reduce side effects
like GI upset and mouth sores . Folic acid supplementation prevents
methotrexate-induced megaloblastic anemia and reduces toxicity.
QUESTION 1
A patient is prescribed an antibiotic to treat a urinary tract infection. What statement by
the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
A) "I will drink more fluids to help clear up the infection."
B) "I can stop the medication as soon as the symptoms have disappeared."
C) "I will stop the medication and contact the doctor if I develop a rash."
D) "I should immediately report vaginal itching or discharge."
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Patients must complete the entire course of antibiotics, even if symptoms
resolve, to prevent resistance . Stopping early promotes bacterial resistance and
recurrence.
QUESTION 2
Condition in which the body adapts to a drug and requires subsequently higher dosage
to achieve the same effect:
A) Dependence
B) Withdrawal
C) Addiction
D) Tolerance
ANSWER: D
RATIONALE: Tolerance is a physiologic state where higher doses are needed to produce
the same effect . It is distinct from addiction (psychological dependence) and withdrawal
(physical symptoms upon discontinuation).
, QUESTION 3
The CDC recommends that before entering a patient's room, the nurse should do what?
A) Wash hands with an antibacterial soap and water.
B) Wash hands with cold water.
C) Use an alcohol-based hand rub.
D) Wash hands with chlorhexidine and water.
ANSWER: C
RATIONALE: The CDC recommends alcohol-based hand rub for routine hand antisepsis
unless hands are visibly soiled . For C. difficile, soap and water are required as spores are
resistant to alcohol.
SECTION 2: RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, GOUT &
OSTEOPOROSIS
QUESTION 4
A patient is prescribed Methotrexate for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Which supplement
should the nurse expect to be added to the therapy?
A) Vitamin B12
B) Folic Acid
C) Calcium
D) Vitamin D
ANSWER: B
RATIONALE: Methotrexate is a folate antagonist; folic acid is given to reduce side effects
like GI upset and mouth sores . Folic acid supplementation prevents
methotrexate-induced megaloblastic anemia and reduces toxicity.
