NURS 5339 EXAM 1 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS -
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS - TYLER.
SECTION A: URINALYSIS INTERPRETATION
Question 1
A 32-year-old female presents with dysuria, urinary frequency, and suprapubic
pain. A urinalysis with dipstick is performed. Which combination of findings is
most indicative of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
A) Positive leukocyte esterase, positive nitrates, presence of 5 or more WBCs
B) Positive glucose, positive ketones, presence of RBCs
C) Positive protein, positive bilirubin, presence of casts
D) Negative leukocyte esterase, negative nitrates, presence of epithelial cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is indicated by positive leukocyte esterase,
positive nitrates, and the presence of 5 or more WBCs per high-power field. WBC
casts and symptoms such as pain with urination and frequency further support the
diagnosis .
Question 2
On a urine dipstick, a positive result for leukocyte esterase will appear as what
color?
A) Pink
B) Purple
C) Blue
D) Orange
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A purple shade indicates a positive result for leukocyte esterase on a
urine dipstick .
Question 3
On a urine dipstick, a positive result for nitrates will appear as what color?
A) Purple
B) Blue
C) Pink
D) Yellow
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pink shade indicates a positive result for nitrates on a urine dipstick .
Question 4
A patient's urinalysis shows dark red urine. This finding most likely suggests:
A) Dehydration
B) Bleeding from the kidney
C) Bleeding from the lower urinary tract
D) Presence of bilirubin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dark red urine typically suggests bleeding from the kidney. Bright red
urine indicates bleeding from the lower urinary tract, while dark yellow urine
suggests the presence of urobilinogen or bilirubin .
Question 5
A urine specimen that appears cloudy is most likely due to:
A) Normal finding in a healthy individual
B) Presence of pus (necrotic WBCs), RBCs, bacteria, or sperm
, C) High glucose concentration
D) Presence of ketones
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cloudy urine indicates the presence of pus (necrotic WBCs), red blood
cells, bacteria, or sperm. Cloudiness is often seen if the specimen has been
refrigerated for over 1 hour .
Question 6
A patient with a pseudomonas infection will likely have urine that appears what
color?
A) Dark red
B) Bright red
C) Green
D) Dark yellow
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Green urine is associated with a pseudomonas infection .
Question 7
A patient's urine has a sweet acetone odor. This finding is most consistent with:
A) Urinary tract infection (UTI)
B) Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
C) Enterobladder fistula
D) Congenital defect in protein metabolism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A sweet acetone odor in urine indicates Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA),
which is a serious complication of diabetes characterized by ketone body
accumulation .
2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS -
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS - TYLER.
SECTION A: URINALYSIS INTERPRETATION
Question 1
A 32-year-old female presents with dysuria, urinary frequency, and suprapubic
pain. A urinalysis with dipstick is performed. Which combination of findings is
most indicative of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
A) Positive leukocyte esterase, positive nitrates, presence of 5 or more WBCs
B) Positive glucose, positive ketones, presence of RBCs
C) Positive protein, positive bilirubin, presence of casts
D) Negative leukocyte esterase, negative nitrates, presence of epithelial cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is indicated by positive leukocyte esterase,
positive nitrates, and the presence of 5 or more WBCs per high-power field. WBC
casts and symptoms such as pain with urination and frequency further support the
diagnosis .
Question 2
On a urine dipstick, a positive result for leukocyte esterase will appear as what
color?
A) Pink
B) Purple
C) Blue
D) Orange
,Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A purple shade indicates a positive result for leukocyte esterase on a
urine dipstick .
Question 3
On a urine dipstick, a positive result for nitrates will appear as what color?
A) Purple
B) Blue
C) Pink
D) Yellow
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pink shade indicates a positive result for nitrates on a urine dipstick .
Question 4
A patient's urinalysis shows dark red urine. This finding most likely suggests:
A) Dehydration
B) Bleeding from the kidney
C) Bleeding from the lower urinary tract
D) Presence of bilirubin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dark red urine typically suggests bleeding from the kidney. Bright red
urine indicates bleeding from the lower urinary tract, while dark yellow urine
suggests the presence of urobilinogen or bilirubin .
Question 5
A urine specimen that appears cloudy is most likely due to:
A) Normal finding in a healthy individual
B) Presence of pus (necrotic WBCs), RBCs, bacteria, or sperm
, C) High glucose concentration
D) Presence of ketones
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cloudy urine indicates the presence of pus (necrotic WBCs), red blood
cells, bacteria, or sperm. Cloudiness is often seen if the specimen has been
refrigerated for over 1 hour .
Question 6
A patient with a pseudomonas infection will likely have urine that appears what
color?
A) Dark red
B) Bright red
C) Green
D) Dark yellow
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Green urine is associated with a pseudomonas infection .
Question 7
A patient's urine has a sweet acetone odor. This finding is most consistent with:
A) Urinary tract infection (UTI)
B) Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
C) Enterobladder fistula
D) Congenital defect in protein metabolism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A sweet acetone odor in urine indicates Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA),
which is a serious complication of diabetes characterized by ketone body
accumulation .
