ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_483p7h
1. Pyrimidine One carbon ring
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
2. Purine Two carbon rings
Adenine, Guanine
3. How are nu- Condensation to form phosphodiester bond
cleotides joined
together?
4. What is the func- Carries genetic info out of nucleus
tion of mRNA? Transcript translated to protein
5. What is the func- Carries aa to ribosome
tion of tRNA? Anticodon pairs with codon on mRNA strand
6. What is the func- part of ribosome structure
tion of rRNA? most abundant RNA
coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons
7. Feedback inhibi- Product of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor
tion Binds to allosteric site to slow down rxn b/c too much product
8. Exonucleases Degrades nucleic acids by removing one terminal nt at a time
Cleaves phosphodiester bond at end of chain
5' --> 3' and 3' --> 5'
9. Endonucleases Restriction enzymes
(Prok) Cleaves phoshpodiester bonds w/i poly-nt chain
Recognition site is palindromic sequence
Types I-V
10. ORI sites nt sequence where replication is initiated
, ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam
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11. Topoisomerase I Induces ss breaks
Remove DNA supercoils during TXN and DNA replication; for strand breakage
during recombination; for chr condensation; and to disentangle intertwined DNA
during mitosis
12. topoisomerase II cuts both strands of one DNA double helix, passes another unbroken DNA helix
through it, and then reanneals the cut strands
13. Gyrase (topoiso- Unwinds supercoiling caused by unwinding at the rep fork by introducing DSBs
merase II)
14. Helicase Breaks H-bonds of double helix at the replication fork
15. Primase DNApol α (DNA dep RNA pol)
adds short segments of complementary
RNA to ssDNA template (primers), serves as starting points for replication
16. single-strand Binds ssDNA and prevents it from re-annealing during TXN, replication, repair, and
DNA binding recombination
proteins (SSBPs)
17. Okazaki frag- Short fragments of DNA synthesized by DNApol δ using the lagging strand (3'->5')
ments as a template
18. Ligase Closes gaps in DNA
Catalyzes phosphodiester bond between 3'OH and 5'P
19. What are the 1. Initiate
steps in DNA 2. Elongate
replication? 3. Terminate
20. Telomeres Repeat sequence (TTAGGG) at the ends of chr, protect chr from degradation
21. RNA polymerase
, ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam
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DNA dependent RNApol
Transcribes DNA template to RNA (3'-->5'; anti-parallel)
22. Splicesomes Complex of snRNPs
Removes introns from pre-mRNA and splices exons together
23. Enhancers Short regions of DNA that bind proteins (TXN factors) that enhance TXN of a gene
24. Poly-A tail Prevents mRNA from being degraded in cytoplasm
100-250 A's at 3' end
25. 5' cap 5'-5' pyrophosphate bridge to a methylated G added to 5' end of a mRNA
Protects against degradation and as a recognition signal for TLN apparatus
26. aminoacyl tRNA tRNAs that carry amino acids
27. Ribosomes Where TLN occurs
Prok: 30s and 50s
Euk: 40s and 60s
Catalyzes peptide bond between a.a.'s
28. What is the path Acceptor > Peptidyl > Exit
of a tRNA in a ri-
bosome?
29. How is transla- small rRNA (40S) subunit binds mRNA and scans for start codon (AUG)
tion initiated? Met-tRNA is brought to the P site
Large rRNA (60S) subunit binds
30. How is transla- Occurs when stop codon enters A site
tion terminated? Release factor recognizes stop codon, hydrolyzes ester bond with P site, releasing
aa chain
31.
, ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_483p7h
Reverse tran- enzyme that transcribes RNA to cDNA (lacks introns)
scriptase RNA --> RNA:DNA --> cDNA (dsDNA)
32. Pleiotrophy a single gene controls the expression of many phenotypic traits
ie Sickle Cell Anemia
33. cDNA intron free complementary DNA
can be inserted into a plasmid
34. Vector helps carry DNA into cell
ie plasmids, virus
35. Open Reading sections of DNA that begin with start codons and end with stop codons
Frame (ORF) DNA: 5' --> 3'
transcription: 3' --> 5' DNA --> RNA (promoter)
translation: 5' --> 3' mRNA
36. Spectropho- Measures amount of light absorbed
tometer Quantitative measurement of [DNA/RNA]
37. At what wave- 260 nm
length does DNA
and RNA absorb?
38. At what wave- 280 nm
length does pro-
tein absorb?
39. Organic isolation 1. Lyse
method 2. Add phenol/ chloroform > vortex/spin
3. Transfer aqueous layer (top) to new tube
4. Add chloroform:IAA (removes phenol) > vortex/spin
5. Transfer aqueous layer to new tube
6. Add NaOAc and EtOH > vortex/spin
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_483p7h
1. Pyrimidine One carbon ring
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
2. Purine Two carbon rings
Adenine, Guanine
3. How are nu- Condensation to form phosphodiester bond
cleotides joined
together?
4. What is the func- Carries genetic info out of nucleus
tion of mRNA? Transcript translated to protein
5. What is the func- Carries aa to ribosome
tion of tRNA? Anticodon pairs with codon on mRNA strand
6. What is the func- part of ribosome structure
tion of rRNA? most abundant RNA
coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons
7. Feedback inhibi- Product of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor
tion Binds to allosteric site to slow down rxn b/c too much product
8. Exonucleases Degrades nucleic acids by removing one terminal nt at a time
Cleaves phosphodiester bond at end of chain
5' --> 3' and 3' --> 5'
9. Endonucleases Restriction enzymes
(Prok) Cleaves phoshpodiester bonds w/i poly-nt chain
Recognition site is palindromic sequence
Types I-V
10. ORI sites nt sequence where replication is initiated
, ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_483p7h
11. Topoisomerase I Induces ss breaks
Remove DNA supercoils during TXN and DNA replication; for strand breakage
during recombination; for chr condensation; and to disentangle intertwined DNA
during mitosis
12. topoisomerase II cuts both strands of one DNA double helix, passes another unbroken DNA helix
through it, and then reanneals the cut strands
13. Gyrase (topoiso- Unwinds supercoiling caused by unwinding at the rep fork by introducing DSBs
merase II)
14. Helicase Breaks H-bonds of double helix at the replication fork
15. Primase DNApol α (DNA dep RNA pol)
adds short segments of complementary
RNA to ssDNA template (primers), serves as starting points for replication
16. single-strand Binds ssDNA and prevents it from re-annealing during TXN, replication, repair, and
DNA binding recombination
proteins (SSBPs)
17. Okazaki frag- Short fragments of DNA synthesized by DNApol δ using the lagging strand (3'->5')
ments as a template
18. Ligase Closes gaps in DNA
Catalyzes phosphodiester bond between 3'OH and 5'P
19. What are the 1. Initiate
steps in DNA 2. Elongate
replication? 3. Terminate
20. Telomeres Repeat sequence (TTAGGG) at the ends of chr, protect chr from degradation
21. RNA polymerase
, ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_483p7h
DNA dependent RNApol
Transcribes DNA template to RNA (3'-->5'; anti-parallel)
22. Splicesomes Complex of snRNPs
Removes introns from pre-mRNA and splices exons together
23. Enhancers Short regions of DNA that bind proteins (TXN factors) that enhance TXN of a gene
24. Poly-A tail Prevents mRNA from being degraded in cytoplasm
100-250 A's at 3' end
25. 5' cap 5'-5' pyrophosphate bridge to a methylated G added to 5' end of a mRNA
Protects against degradation and as a recognition signal for TLN apparatus
26. aminoacyl tRNA tRNAs that carry amino acids
27. Ribosomes Where TLN occurs
Prok: 30s and 50s
Euk: 40s and 60s
Catalyzes peptide bond between a.a.'s
28. What is the path Acceptor > Peptidyl > Exit
of a tRNA in a ri-
bosome?
29. How is transla- small rRNA (40S) subunit binds mRNA and scans for start codon (AUG)
tion initiated? Met-tRNA is brought to the P site
Large rRNA (60S) subunit binds
30. How is transla- Occurs when stop codon enters A site
tion terminated? Release factor recognizes stop codon, hydrolyzes ester bond with P site, releasing
aa chain
31.
, ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_483p7h
Reverse tran- enzyme that transcribes RNA to cDNA (lacks introns)
scriptase RNA --> RNA:DNA --> cDNA (dsDNA)
32. Pleiotrophy a single gene controls the expression of many phenotypic traits
ie Sickle Cell Anemia
33. cDNA intron free complementary DNA
can be inserted into a plasmid
34. Vector helps carry DNA into cell
ie plasmids, virus
35. Open Reading sections of DNA that begin with start codons and end with stop codons
Frame (ORF) DNA: 5' --> 3'
transcription: 3' --> 5' DNA --> RNA (promoter)
translation: 5' --> 3' mRNA
36. Spectropho- Measures amount of light absorbed
tometer Quantitative measurement of [DNA/RNA]
37. At what wave- 260 nm
length does DNA
and RNA absorb?
38. At what wave- 280 nm
length does pro-
tein absorb?
39. Organic isolation 1. Lyse
method 2. Add phenol/ chloroform > vortex/spin
3. Transfer aqueous layer (top) to new tube
4. Add chloroform:IAA (removes phenol) > vortex/spin
5. Transfer aqueous layer to new tube
6. Add NaOAc and EtOH > vortex/spin
